Contact phenomena at hypervelocities

Barber, J.P.; Bauer, D.P.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(82)90028-x

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…When the strength of the rail material is insufficient to resist the shear force, a teardrop-shaped defect, called a gouge, is produced on the rail, as shown in Figure 3a. Gouges were first found in railguns by Barber and Bauer in 1982 [16]. In addition, the occurrence of gouges on the rail followed a specific pattern.…”

Section: Mechanical Damagementioning

confidence: 98%

Research Progress on Surface Damage and Protection Strategies of Armature–Rail Friction Pair Materials for Electromagnetic Rail Launch

Wang,

Yao,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Materials

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Electromagnetic rail launch technology has attracted increasing attention owing to its advantages in terms of range, firepower, and speed. However, due to electricity-magnetism-heat-force coupling, the surface of the armature–rail friction pair becomes severely damaged, which restricts the development of this technology. A series of studies have been conducted to reduce the damage of the armature–rail friction pair, including an analysis of the damage mechanism and protection strategies. In this study, various types of surface damage were classified into mechanical, electrical, and coupling damages according to their causes. This damage is caused by factors such as mechanical friction, mechanical impact, and electric erosion, either individually or in combination. Then, a detailed investigation of protection strategies for reducing damage is introduced, including material improvement through the use of novel combined deformation and heat treatment processes to achieve high strength and high conductivity, as well as surface treatment technologies such as structural coatings for wear resistance and functional coatings for ablation and melting resistance. Finally, future development prospects of armature–rail friction pair materials are discussed. This study provides a theoretical basis and directions for the development of high-performance materials for the armature–rail friction pair.

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Section: Mechanical Damagementioning

confidence: 98%

Research Progress on Surface Damage and Protection Strategies of Armature–Rail Friction Pair Materials for Electromagnetic Rail Launch

Wang,

Yao,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…A hypothesis for the hypervelocity gouging process was offered by Barber and Bauer [2] which attributed gouge formation to microscopic surface asperity impact between a moving slider and a stationary rail. The impact is characterized as a discrete, localized, and violent event.…”

Section: Illustration Of a Gougementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Computational Methods for the Treatment of Material Interfaces

Nguyen¹

2005

46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference

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“…rough a metallographic examination of the gouges formed on a rocket sled rail made of AISI 1080 steel, Gerstle found that gouging is a thermomechanical event with sharp temperature changes accompanied by a phase change in the rail material [8]. Barber and Bauer found that when the traveling velocity of a sled reaches a certain value, the stress formed from the impact of its slippers on the rail exceeds the limit strength of the rail material, thereby inducing gouging [9]. ey defined the critical velocity at the onset of gouging as the "gouging threshold velocity."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Study of Rail Gouging during Hypersonic Rocket Sled Tests

Zhou

Yan

Chen

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Gouging—an obstacle to the development of hypersonic rocket sled test techniques—was mechanistically investigated through experimental and theoretical analyses. Typical gouges were analyzed using macroscopic and microscopic experiments to investigate the evolution of gouging. Quasistatic compression and Hopkinson bar experiments were performed to systematically study the thermoviscoplastic properties of U71Mn rail steel under wide ranges of the strain rate and temperature. The critical condition for gouging was derived based on a thermoviscoplastic constitutive model supplemented by a three-variable criterion for an adiabatic shear instability. The results showed the following. (1) Adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) form when stress reduction under the combined action of frictional heating and high-speed deformation exceeds the strain-hardening effect of the rail material. (2) The nonuniform deformation of the edges of ASBs leads to the generation of cracks that split the rail surface. As the ASBs expand, the cracks grow and coalesce, eventually causing the material to peel off, forming gouges. (3) The relationships among the temperature, strain rate, and strain at the onset of gouging can be determined based on the critical condition for the formation of ASBs in rail steel.

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Contact phenomena at hypervelocities

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Research Progress on Surface Damage and Protection Strategies of Armature–Rail Friction Pair Materials for Electromagnetic Rail Launch

Research Progress on Surface Damage and Protection Strategies of Armature–Rail Friction Pair Materials for Electromagnetic Rail Launch

Analysis of Computational Methods for the Treatment of Material Interfaces

Mechanistic Study of Rail Gouging during Hypersonic Rocket Sled Tests

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