Abstract:BACKGROUND
Among insects, beetles are one of the most destructive pests of agricultural and stored products. Researchers have been investigating alternatives to pesticides for more sustainable pest management. Here, we focused on insect transient receptor potential (TRP) channel‐targeted repellency. Among transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels, mammalian TRPM8 is activated by menthol and its derivatives, but few previous studies have reported on whether the insect TRPM channel is activated by … Show more
“…2 C). TcTRPA1-expressing cells were activated by citronellal in a dose-dependent manner but not by l -menthol, which is consistent with a lack of response to l -menthol in previous whole-organism behavioral avoidance assays and RNAi knockdown studies ( Shimomura et al., 2021 , 2022 ) in T. castaneum . Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…However, an olfactory-receptor-mediated avoidance of essential oils-derived compounds such as citronellal and menthol is present in adult flies, suggesting the presence of a dTRPA1-independent pathway ( Kwon et al., 2010 ; Wang et al., 2021 ). Knocking down odorant receptor function, or even removing the antennae, of T. castaneum does not ablate the behavioral response to either citronellal or l -menthol ( Shimomura et al., 2021 , 2022 ). Thus, TcTRPA1 appears to be the primary mechanism for detecting citronellal, and (unlike in Diptera), TcTRPA1 is not associated with l -menthol detection, for which TRPM channel is probably specialized ( Shimomura et al., 2021 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Knocking down odorant receptor function, or even removing the antennae, of T. castaneum does not ablate the behavioral response to either citronellal or l -menthol ( Shimomura et al., 2021 , 2022 ). Thus, TcTRPA1 appears to be the primary mechanism for detecting citronellal, and (unlike in Diptera), TcTRPA1 is not associated with l -menthol detection, for which TRPM channel is probably specialized ( Shimomura et al., 2021 ). To our knowledge, this is the first molecular exploration of TRP channel function as chemical nociceptors in Coleoptera, and the first to show that coleopteran TRPA1 is not activated by l -menthol.…”
“…2 C). TcTRPA1-expressing cells were activated by citronellal in a dose-dependent manner but not by l -menthol, which is consistent with a lack of response to l -menthol in previous whole-organism behavioral avoidance assays and RNAi knockdown studies ( Shimomura et al., 2021 , 2022 ) in T. castaneum . Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…However, an olfactory-receptor-mediated avoidance of essential oils-derived compounds such as citronellal and menthol is present in adult flies, suggesting the presence of a dTRPA1-independent pathway ( Kwon et al., 2010 ; Wang et al., 2021 ). Knocking down odorant receptor function, or even removing the antennae, of T. castaneum does not ablate the behavioral response to either citronellal or l -menthol ( Shimomura et al., 2021 , 2022 ). Thus, TcTRPA1 appears to be the primary mechanism for detecting citronellal, and (unlike in Diptera), TcTRPA1 is not associated with l -menthol detection, for which TRPM channel is probably specialized ( Shimomura et al., 2021 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Knocking down odorant receptor function, or even removing the antennae, of T. castaneum does not ablate the behavioral response to either citronellal or l -menthol ( Shimomura et al., 2021 , 2022 ). Thus, TcTRPA1 appears to be the primary mechanism for detecting citronellal, and (unlike in Diptera), TcTRPA1 is not associated with l -menthol detection, for which TRPM channel is probably specialized ( Shimomura et al., 2021 ). To our knowledge, this is the first molecular exploration of TRP channel function as chemical nociceptors in Coleoptera, and the first to show that coleopteran TRPA1 is not activated by l -menthol.…”
“…Here, our sequence phylogenetic analysis indicated that the D. suzukii and T. anastrephae might be equipped with different types of TRP channels. While D. suzukii expresses the TRPM channel type, which is involved in the removal functions of Mg 2+ from hemolymph [ 58 ], repellent activities [ 59 ] and temperature avoidance [ 60 ], such channels are not present in T. anastrephae. The parasitoid expresses the TRPC channels, which were shown to have less stable molecular interactions in their lipid-binding environment with both ( rac )-8 and compound 4 in our in silico predictions.…”
Drosophila suzukii, an invasive insect pest, poses a significant threat to various fruit crops. The use of broad-spectrum insecticides to control this pest can reduce the effectiveness of biological control agents, such as the parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of newly synthesized lactone derivatives on D. suzukii and their selectivity towards T. anastrephae. We used in silico approaches to identify potential targets from the most promising molecules in the D. suzukii nervous system and to understand potential differences in susceptibilities between D. suzukii and its parasitoid. Of the nine molecules tested, (rac)-8 and compound 4 demonstrated efficacy against the fly. Exposure to the estimated LC90 of (rac)-8 and compound 4 resulted in a mortality rate of less than 20% for T. anastrephae without impairing the parasitoid’s functional parasitism. The in silico predictions suggest that (rac)-8 and compound 4 target gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels of D. suzukii. However, only the reduced interaction with TRP channels in T. anastrephae demonstrated a potential reason for the selectivity of these compounds on the parasitoid. Our findings suggest the potential for integrating (rac)-8 and compound 4 into D. suzukii management practices.
“…For example, TRPC channels are activated by carbon dioxide, and the natural repellents, camphor, citronellal, and citronellol in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Badsha et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013;Tian et al, 2022). A TRPM channel is activated by menthol in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Shimomura et al, 2021). Hymenoptera-specific TRPA (HsTRPA) channel in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta is activated by citronellal, caryophyllene, octanoic acid, and decanoic acid (Wang X. et al, 2018).…”
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are primary sensory molecules in animals and are involved in detecting a diverse range of physical and chemical cues in the environments. Considering the crucial role of TRPA1 channels in nocifensive behaviors and aversive responses across various insect species, activators of TRPA1 are promising candidates for insect pest control. In this study, we demonstrate that 2-methylthiazoline (2MT), an artificial volatile thiazoline compound originally identified as a stimulant for mouse TRPA1, can be utilized as a novel repellent for fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. We observed that 2MT induced strong, dose-dependent avoidance behaviors in adult males, regardless of their feeding states, as well as egg laying behavior in females. These aversive responses were mediated by contact chemosensation via TrpA1 and olfaction via odorant receptors. Knocking down TrpA1 revealed the essential roles of bitter taste neurons and nociceptive neurons in the legs and labellum. Furthermore, among five isoforms, TrpA1-C and TrpA1-D exclusively contributed to the aversiveness of 2MT. We also discovered that these isoforms were directly activated by 2MT through covalent modification of evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues. In conclusion, we have identified 2MT as a stimulant for multiple sensory pathways, triggering aversive behaviors in fruit flies. We propose that 2MT and related chemicals may serve as potential resources for developing novel insect repellents.
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