“…The equilibrium condition in many optimal shape design problems appears in the form of variational inequalities which require the overall problem to formulated as a two level task. For optimal design applications the readers may refer to [84], [47], [22], [94], [95]. 5) Defense applications: Bilevel optimization has a number of applications in the defense sector [31], for example attacker-defender Stackelberg games [86], [35], [138], [126], [9], [132], [133].…”