Contact Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease from Infected to Susceptible Cattle

Graves, J. H.; McVicar, J. W.; Sutmöller, P.; Trautman, Rodes

doi:10.1093/infdis/123.4.386

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…IN a previous paper (Gomes and Auge de Mello 1994) it was shown that foot-and-mouth disease virus types 0, A and C could be transmitted between cattle, experimentally infected by nasal instillation, and susceptible, in-contact cattle and pigs, with similar results to those found by other researchers (Sellers and others 1968, Graves andothers 1971, McVicar andSutmoller 1976) in terms of virus replication in the pharyngeal area, viraemia and the presence of clinical lesions. Even working with cattle from areas in which the disease was endemic, all the indicators of infection followed the same pattern and were similar to those described for cattle in areas where the disease was not active.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

Infectivity assays of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus: contact transmission between cattle and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the early stages of infection

1997

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No differences were observed between cattle and Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in terms of temperature, viraemia or virus replication in the pharyngeal area, during the acute phase of foot-and-mouth disease. Like cattle, the Indian buffalo became infected and excreted virus before any clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease developed. The disease was transmitted from cattle to buffalo and vice versa, during the acute stage of infection, as if the animals had been of the same species, presumably because of their close phylogenetic relationship. There were more tongue lesions in the cattle than in the buffalo. Foot lesions in the buffalo at first had a scaley appearance, but later became vesicular. Anti-virus infection associated antigen and neutralising antibodies were synthesised at the same time in both species and reached similar titres in the same period. Persistent infection in the buffalo during the first 35 days after infection was similar to that in the cattle.

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supporting

confidence: 74%

Infectivity assays of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus: contact transmission between cattle and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the early stages of infection

1997

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“…We acknowledge the limitations in this laboratory research experimental design for Efficacy Study 2, specifically the tightly controlled, very high air exchange rate, and intentional animal movement/room re-distribution compared to the natural feedlot, pasture or dairy parlor setting. The onset of clinical FMD observed in the non-vaccinated steers in contact with FMDV-infected steers was consistent with the 1–6 day onset reported in a previous study [ 24 ]. Under the research conditions and experimental design used herein, the contact transmission model clearly demonstrated that naïve, non-vaccinated steers with active clinical FMD readily transmitted FMDV to other naïve, non-vaccinated steers, resulting in clinical FMD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Efficacy of an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A subunit vaccine in cattle using a direct contact transmission model

et al. 2018

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BackgroundA direct contact transmission challenge model was used to simulate natural foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) spread from FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 infected ‘seeder’ steers to naïve or vaccinated steers previously immunized with a replication-deficient human adenovirus-vectored FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 capsid-based subunit vaccine (AdtA24). In two independent vaccine efficacy trials, AdtA24 was administered once intramuscularly in the neck 7 days prior to contact with FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55-infected seeder steers.ResultsIn Efficacy Study 1, we evaluated three doses of AdtA24 to estimate the 50%/90% bovine protective dose (BPD50/90) for prevention of clinical FMD. In vaccinated, contact-challenged steers, the BPD50/90 was 3.1 × 1010 / 5.5 × 1010 AdtA24 particles formulated without adjuvant. In Efficacy Study 2, steers vaccinated with 5 × 1010 AdtA24 particles, exposed to FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55-infected seeder steers, did not develop clinical FMD or transmit FMDV to other vaccinated or naïve, non-vaccinated steers. In contrast, naïve, non-vaccinated steers that were subsequently exposed to FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55-infected seeder steers developed clinical FMD and transmitted FMDV by contact to additional naïve, non-vaccinated steers. The AdtA24 vaccine differentiated infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) because no antibodies to FMDV nonstructural proteins were detected prior to FMDV exposure.ConclusionsA single dose of the AdtA24 non-adjuvanted vaccine conferred protection against clinical FMD at 7 days post-vaccination following direct contact transmission from FMDV-infected, naïve, non-vaccinated steers. The AdtA24 vaccine was effective in preventing FMDV transmission from homologous challenged, contact-exposed, AdtA24-vaccinated, protected steers to co-mingled, susceptible steers, suggesting that the vaccine may be beneficial in reducing both the magnitude and duration of a FMDV outbreak in a commercial cattle production setting.

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“…The sequential exposure periods always occurred with intra- species first followed by inter-species in order to minimize potential effect of viruses evolving in more than one host species. Relatively high doses of FMDV were used to infect the donor animals in order to assure rapid synchronous disease resulting in more efficient exposure [ 29 , 30 ]. The dose of FMDV received by each contact animal was not measurable, but judging by the clinical outcome of DI animals during the period of contact we can extrapolate that all contact animals were exposed to enough FMDV during the 24 h contact to cause full blown infection and clinical disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Infectivity, Virulence and Transmission of FDMV Field Strains of Serotypes O and A Isolated In 2010 from Outbreaks in the Republic of Korea

et al. 2016

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Since the early 2000s outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) have been described in several previously FMD-free Asian nations, including the Republic of Korea (South Korea). One outbreak with FMD virus (FDMV) serotype A and two with serotype O occurred in South Korea in 2010/2011. The causative viruses belonged to lineages that had been spreading in South East Asia, far East and East Asia since 2009 and presented a great threat to the countries in that region. Most FMDV strains infect ruminants and pigs, as it happened during the outbreaks of FMDV serotype O in South Korea. Contrastingly, the strain of serotype A affected only ruminants. Based upon these findings, the intention of the work described in the current report was to characterize and compare the infectivity, virulence and transmission of both strains under laboratory conditions in cattle and pigs, by direct inoculation and contact exposure. As expected, FMDV serotype O was highly virulent in both cattle and swine by contact exposure and direct inoculation. Surprisingly, FMDV serotype A was highly virulent in swine, but was less infectious in cattle by contact exposure to infected swine or cattle. Interestingly, similar quantities of aerosolized FMDV RNA were detected during experiments with viruses of serotypes O and A. Specific virus-host interaction of A/SKR/2010 could affect the transmission of this strain to cattle, and this may explain in part the limited spread of the serotype A epizootic.

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Contact Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease from Infected to Susceptible Cattle

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Infectivity assays of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus: contact transmission between cattle and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the early stages of infection

Infectivity assays of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus: contact transmission between cattle and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the early stages of infection

Efficacy of an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A subunit vaccine in cattle using a direct contact transmission model

Evaluation of Infectivity, Virulence and Transmission of FDMV Field Strains of Serotypes O and A Isolated In 2010 from Outbreaks in the Republic of Korea

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