Contactless Interrogation System for Capacitive Sensors with Time-Gated Technique

Masud, Mehedi; Baù, Marco; Demori, Marco; Ferrari, Maurizio; Ferrari, Vittorio

doi:10.3390/proceedings1040395

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…6. (a) [39], [40]. The basic operating principle of the time domain measurement technique is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: B Time Domain Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nopper et al showed that instead of measuring the phase, the measurement of the real part of equivalent impedance does not have a dependence on the k and hence, the wireless measurement distance [37], [38]. On the other hand, time domain measurement of the sensor utilises the damped decay response to extract the resonance frequency and quality factor of the sensors [39], [40]. Analytical modeling of the LC resonant sensors in the time domain shows that measurement of the resonant frequency is independent of the wireless interrogation distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement Techniques and Challenges of Wireless LC Resonant Sensors: A Review

Masud,

Vazquez,

Rehman

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Wireless operation of the LC resonant sensor is based on magnetic coupling between two inductive coils, where the inductor of the sensor acts as a secondary coil for the magnetic coupling. An external reader coil is used as a primary coil to interrogate the sensor to detect the sensor's response. The wireless LC resonant sensor is applied in many applications where the cable connections for powering sensors and acquiring data are inconvenient. This review focuses on the fundamental operating principles of wireless LC resonant sensors, their measurement techniques, the challenges of accurately measuring the LC sensors, and their potential solutions. The main challenge in wireless measurement of the LC resonant sensor is to accurately measure the resonant frequency and the quality factor of the sensor which are solely dependent on the intrinsic parameters of the sensors. For practical wireless applications, it is crucial to interrogate LC resonant sensors regardless of their wireless measurement distances. To interrogate wireless LC resonant sensors, frequency and time domain measurements are commonly used. The coupling coefficient, which is greatly influenced by the geometrical dimensions and alignment of the two inductively coupled coils, has an adverse effect on distance independent readout in phase dip measurement in the frequency domain. Furthermore, the presence of parasitic capacitance that appears in parallel to the readout coil of the sensor has also an adverse effect on distance independent measurement in both frequency and time domain, resulting in an inaccurate measurement of the sensor's resonant frequency. A parasitic capacitance compensation technique can be employed to reduce or even eliminate the presence of parasitic capacitance in the readout coil, which significantly improves the measurement accuracy of the LC resonant sensor.

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“…6. (a) [39], [40]. The basic operating principle of the time domain measurement technique is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: B Time Domain Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Techniques and Challenges of Wireless LC Resonant Sensors: A Review

Masud,

Vazquez,

Rehman

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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“…This plasmonic sensor can detect changes in the permittivity of the oil caused by the modification of the chemical properties of the lubricant. It is also worth noting that Masud et al [32] presented a contactless interrogation technique and system for capacitive sensors via electromagnetic coupling. The sensor unit was composed of the capacitive sensor connected to a tuning capacitor and a coil forming an LC resonant circuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Parameters as Diagnostics of Fresh Engine Oil Condition—Correlation with Test Voltage Frequency

Wolak

Żywica

Molenda

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The aim of this study was to assess whether electrical parameters (capacitance and conductivity) of fresh engine oils—tested over a wide range of measurement voltage frequencies—can be used for oil quality assessment and its identification, based on physicochemical properties. The study encompassed 41 commercial engine oils with different quality ratings (American Petroleum Institute (API) and European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA)). As part of the study, the oils were tested for their total base number (TBN) and total acid number (TAN), as well as their electrical parameters, including impedance magnitude, phase shift angle, conductance, susceptance, capacitance and quality factor. Next, the results for all of the samples were examined for correlations between the mean electrical parameters and the test voltage frequency. A statistical analysis (k-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering) was applied to group oils with similar readings, drawing on the values for all electrical parameters to produce group oils with the highest similarity to each other into clusters. The results show that the electrical-based diagnostics of fresh engine oils can serve as a highly selective method for identifying oil quality, offering much higher resolution than assessments based on the TBN or the TAN. This is further supported by the cluster analysis, with five clusters generated for electrical parameters of the oils, compared to only three generated for TAN- and TBN-based measurements. Out of all the tested electrical parameters, capacitance, impedance magnitude and quality factor were found to be the most promising for diagnostic purposes. The value of electrical parameters of fresh engine oils is mostly dependent on the test voltage frequency (with the exception of capacitance). The correlations identified in the course of the study can be used to select for those frequency ranges that offer the highest diagnostic utility.

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Contactless Interrogation System for Capacitive Sensors with Time-Gated Technique

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Measurement Techniques and Challenges of Wireless LC Resonant Sensors: A Review

Measurement Techniques and Challenges of Wireless LC Resonant Sensors: A Review

Electrical Parameters as Diagnostics of Fresh Engine Oil Condition—Correlation with Test Voltage Frequency

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