Contacts posing risks of disease introduction in swine breeding herds in Quebec, Canada: Is the frequency of contacts associated with biosecurity measures?

A descriptive study on spatial and temporal distributions of genetic clusters of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infecting pig sites in Quebec, Canada, between 2010 and 2019

“…Then, keeping those regions into separated control zones would be advisable in order to facilitate PRRSV regional control. By opposition, the Centre-du-Quebec often shared clusters with both adjacent regions, Monteregie and Chaudiere-Appalaches, suggesting the presence of different network connections between pig sites (e.g., pig movement, personnel, visitors, service vehicles) of both regions [ 20 ], which could complicate disease control.…”

“…As next steps, phylogeographic analysis would allow an evaluation of dispersion patterns including direction and speed of the transmission between sites. Many reasons might explain the differences observed in the distributions of clusters including virus characteristics or the different network connections between pig sites [ 20 ]. Clearly, attempts to successfully limit the number of sites infected should include a thorough assessment of the factors responsible for the rapid dissemination of specific clusters over time.…”

The Influencing Factors of “Post-African Swine Fever” Pig Farm Biosecurity: Evidence from Sichuan Province, China

“…Theory and related research have demonstrated that basic biosecurity measures include factors such as location and layout, production processes, feed types, daily disinfection, the treatment of dead pigs, management strategies, and infrastructure construction rules and regulations [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Based on the related research, the biosecurity level in this study was assessed on five aspects: (1) Breeding environment management, which comprised both offsite and on-site environmental controls, such as scientific site selection, optimized layout, reasonable zoning, regular rodent control, mosquito control, fly control, and the prohibition of unrelated animals; (2) breeding process management, which comprised inputs such as feeding, and slaughter management, formal source channels for pig breeds, feed, medicines and other inputs, appropriate storage to meet the requirements, standardized and orderly breeding operations, breeding file records, and live pig supervision; (3) personnel and vehicle management that met the requirements and complete admission procedures; (4) decontamination and waste treatment, such as cleaning, disinfection, waste treatment, cleaning and disinfection equipment, the timely disinfection of foreign and contaminated objects, and the harmless treatment of aquaculture waste; and (5) biosecurity awareness, such as ASF prevention and biosecurity management awareness regarding ASF and related biosecurity knowledge, epidemic handling procedures, and the importance of improving biosecurity.…”