Container-less polymerization in acoustically levitated droplets: an analytical study by GPC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Leiterer, Jork; Panne, Ulrich; Thünemann, Andreas F.; Weidner, Steffen M.

doi:10.1039/c0ay00390e

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Acoustic levitation has already been combined to several optical spectroscopy methods such as absorption, 1 fluorescence, 2,3 and Raman 4,5 spectroscopy, or X-ray diffraction. 6 In addition, acoustically levitated droplets allow container-less polymerization, 7 online reaction monitoring, 8 and in situ investigations of concentration induced effects, e.g. aggregation and crystallization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous UV/Vis spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering of nanoparticle formation and aggregation in levitated droplets

et al. 2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous UV/Vis spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering of nanoparticle formation and aggregation in levitated droplets

et al. 2012

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“…Millimeter-sized acoustically levitated droplets have been characterized with a wide range of ionization techniques directly during the levitation of microliter droplets. These include variants of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), ,− direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization, and field-induced droplet ionization (FIDI) . Both DART and FIDI have been used to follow reactive transformations in levitated droplets, − although sequential measurements made on a single levitated droplet can significantly perturb its properties.…”

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Combining Mass Spectrometry of Picoliter Samples with a Multicompartment Electrodynamic Trap for Probing the Chemistry of Droplet Arrays

2020

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Single droplet levitation provides contactless access to the microphysical and chemical properties of micron-sized samples. Most applications of droplet levitation to chemical and biological systems use non-destructive optical techniques to probe droplet properties. To provide improved chemical specificity, we couple a multi-compartment quadrupole electrodynamic trap (QET) to single droplet mass spectrometry. Our QET continuously traps a monodisperse droplet population (∼10's -100's of droplets), and allows for simultaneous sizing of a single droplet using its Mie scattering pattern. Single droplets are subsequently ejected to the ionization region of an ambient pressure inlet mass spectrometer. We optimize two complementary soft ionization techniques for picoliter aqueous droplets: paper spray (PS) ionization and thermal desorption glow discharge (TDGD) ionization. Both techniques detect oxygenated organic acids in single droplets with signal-to-noise ratios >100 and detection limits on the order of

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“…The levitated liquid sample (5 μL) contained a mixture of analyte and ionic matrix and direct desorption was achieved via laser ablation at 337 nm. Subsequently, Leiterer et al 13 reported on reaction monitoring for the first time, studying a polymerization reaction directly in acoustically levitated drops. Analyte characterization was carried out offline via matrixassisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-TOF and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).…”

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Real Time Monitoring of Containerless Microreactions in Acoustically Levitated Droplets via Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry

2016

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Direct in-droplet (in stillo) microreaction monitoring using acoustically levitated micro droplets has been achieved by combining acoustic (ultrasonic) levitation for the first time with real time ambient tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The acoustic levitation and inherent mixing of microliter volumes of reactants (3 μL droplets), yielding total reaction volumes of 6 μL, supported monitoring the acid-catalyzed degradation reaction of erythromycin A. This reaction was chosen to demonstrate the proof-of-principle of directly monitoring in stillo microreactions via hyphenated acoustic levitation and ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The microreactions took place completely in stillo over 30, 60, and 120 s within the containerless stable central pressure node of an acoustic levitator, thus readily promoting reaction miniaturization. For the evaluation of the miniaturized in stillo reactions, the degradation reactions were also carried out in vials (in vitro) with a total reaction volume of 400 μL. The reacted in vitro mixtures (6 μL total) were similarly introduced into the acoustic levitator prior to ambient ionization MS/MS analysis. The in stillo miniaturized reactions provided immediate real-time snap-shots of the degradation process for more accurate reaction monitoring and used a fraction of the reactants, while the larger scale in vitro reactions only yielded general reaction information.

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Container-less polymerization in acoustically levitated droplets: an analytical study by GPC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Simultaneous UV/Vis spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering of nanoparticle formation and aggregation in levitated droplets

Simultaneous UV/Vis spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering of nanoparticle formation and aggregation in levitated droplets

Combining Mass Spectrometry of Picoliter Samples with a Multicompartment Electrodynamic Trap for Probing the Chemistry of Droplet Arrays

Real Time Monitoring of Containerless Microreactions in Acoustically Levitated Droplets via Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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