Containing Multitudes: Revisiting the Infection Metaphor in Science Fiction

Abstract

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New ways: the pandemics of science fiction

“…These are generally more positive tales of immunology and virology than the texts explored in this paper. See [5]. 2 Percy Shelley (1792-1822) and Lord Byron (1788-1824) are represented in the novel by thinly fictionalized representations: as Adrian and Lord Raymond, respectively.…”

“…London returns to the idea on numerous occasions including in a future war in the racist short story 'The Unparalleled Invasion' (1910) and the post-apocalyptic novel The Scarlet Plague (1912). 5 Of those that do exist, the best known is Pale Horse Pale Rider (1939) by Katherine Anne Porter who survived the illness. 6 Although he does not give a full citation, Stewart is correctly quoting Stanley's article [11].…”

“…While unusual in one respect, this is also a reflection of a more general cultural absence on the topic with very few works of fiction responding to the flu in the inter-war period, science fiction or otherwise. 5 Elizabeth Outka, in her critical survey of this lacuna, Viral Modernism (2019), refers to a 'conspicuous literary and critical silence', suggesting that it is precisely the scale of the devastation, combined with a general tendency to minimize representations of illness in culture, on top of the more visceral and norm-altering carnage of the First World War, which led to its relative absence [10].…”

“…Collecting these phenomena together, theorist Darko Suvin, refers to a literary device such as the ‘novum’ or new thing [ 4 ]. The irony is that plagues, epidemics and disease are not a new thing, they have been with us throughout human history, even shaped our evolution and can be found globally across all forms of literature [ 5 ]. 1 However, what science fiction has done throughout its history is exploit the spectre of disease in service of the genre's other defining feature, what Suvin calls ‘cognitive estrangement’, a process of employing the thought processes and language of science and scholarship to create new worlds [ 4 ].…”

Life Decoded

“…While in these other novels biotech companies often display criminal and otherwise unethical behavior, DR deals with problems arising from legitimate activities―the merger of science, industry, and politics. DR ’s sophistication inheres in the fact that unlike in Bear’s (1985) earlier novel Blood Music , the virus is not a clearly defined threat from the outside (Bollinger 2009). Rather, as Mayer (2007) describes it, the virus is “an ambivalent thing, an in-between creature [that] effectively undermines the binaries of healthy/ill, good/bad, and harmless/dangerous” (p. 8).…”