Containing the Chiefs: The ANC and Traditional Leaders in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Protecting Indigenous Knowledge Using Intellectual Property Rights Law: The Masakhane Pelargonium Case

“…Both traditional authorities and democratic structures are recognised in South Africa (Hendricks and Ntsebeza 1999;Southall and De Sas Kropiwnicki 2003). However, in rural areas, traditional authorities are usually recognised as the representatives of rural communities (Ntsebeza 2004;Southall and De Sas Kropiwnicki 2003).…”

“…However, in rural areas, traditional authorities are usually recognised as the representatives of rural communities (Ntsebeza 2004;Southall and De Sas Kropiwnicki 2003). This is a particularly contentious issue given that several communities in South Africa challenge the institution of traditional authorities because of the manner in which they were co-opted by the apartheid state (Jara 2011).…”

Resettlement and the Making of the Ciskei Bantustan, South Africa,c.1960–1976

“…89 Chiefly 'tributes' (salaries) were calculated according to the number of 'followers' residing in an area of jurisdiction, thus the connection between resettlement and 'retribalisation' was direct. 90 Unlike the areas examined by Peires and Sada's neighbouring areas (the focus of Wotshela's research), which emerged in the late 1970s under the jurisdiction of Ciskeian authorities, for the period in which Sada and Ilinge grew rapidly these townships were centrally administered by the BAD. 91 In the context of the high demand for housing among farm workers and widespread deprivation in resettlement townships, through the distribution of housing, limited local employment, and food rations, the state was able to forge structures of social control.…”