Containment in the Middle East

Eilam, Ehud

doi:10.2307/j.ctvpwhf6x

2019

DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvpwhf6x

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Containment in the Middle East

Ehud Eilam¹

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“…As conflictual issues are not constrained by borders and can have both subnational and international components, international disputes may exacerbate internal conflicts and civil wars can trigger violent international conflicts. For example, relations between Syria and Israel over the Golan Heights became even more tense after domestic conflict erupted in Syria in 2011, and the two countries' attempts to resolve the territorial dispute have been put on hold over the past decade (Eilam, 2019). Similarly, the civil war in Yemen has led to increased concerns over the fate of the Socotra archipelago.…”

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Connecting international and domestic dots: how conflict entanglement informs resolution and escalation

Melin

Grigorescu

2023

IJCMA

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Purpose This paper aims to seek to and understand how civil conflict and international claims inform one another. Does the existence of ongoing civil and international conflicts affect how a government addresses an international claim? The paper builds on existing literature that link international and domestic conflict. However, it suggests that the logic behind civil conflicts may be different from that for international ones as states decide how to deal with any one claim. Design/methodology/approach The paper posits that states faced with domestic conflicts and additional international claims are more likely to seek to resolve an international claim than those without similar conflicts. It develops a series of hypotheses about the likelihood of claim escalation and peaceful settlement attempts and proceed to test them quantitatively using the Issue Correlates of War data combined with the uppsala conflict data program/peace research institute oslo Armed Conflict Data. Findings On the one hand, the paper finds support for the argument regarding the difficulty states are faced with when seeking to resolve multiple international claims. On the other hand, it finds that the presence of civil conflicts incentivizes states to resolve international claims either by force or peacefully, suggesting internal violence can both lead to diversionary behavior and attempts at conflict resolution. Research limitations/implications The findings have important implications for work considering the complexity of domestic and international conflict linkages. Originality/value While many studies of claim militarization and peaceful attempts focus on dyadic and international characteristics, this paper creates a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of this foreign policy decision process.

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confidence: 99%

Connecting international and domestic dots: how conflict entanglement informs resolution and escalation

Melin

Grigorescu

2023

IJCMA

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The securitisation of hybrid warfare through practices within the Iran-Israel conflict - Israel's practices to securitize Hezbollah's Proxy War

Kaunert¹,

Wertman²

2020

Security and Defence Quarterly

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Iran has been waging a hybrid war against Israel since the Islamic revolution of 1979. In an era when conventional wars have given way to a different method, hybrid warfare, the main challenge facing states is how to deal with this new type of security threat. Thus, while states have previously faced security threats from regular enemy states' armies, nowadays hybrid warfare in which non-state actors play a key role has become a widespread security threat that requires democratic states to use very different strategies and tactics to overcome it. Using securitisation theory, which explores how normal issues transform into security threats, this article analyses how the State of Israel has securitised Iranian hybrid warfare which has been mainly executed through its proxy terror organisations of Hezbollah. It does so by applying a revised version of the Copenhagen School's securitisation framework, which focuses on security practices and is underpinned by an understanding of security as belonging to a continuum. The proxy terror organisations have moved towards the end point of the continuum, which is characterised by survival, existential threats, and militarisation, albeit without completely reaching the end point.

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Containment in the Middle East

Cited by 2 publications

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Connecting international and domestic dots: how conflict entanglement informs resolution and escalation

Connecting international and domestic dots: how conflict entanglement informs resolution and escalation

The securitisation of hybrid warfare through practices within the Iran-Israel conflict - Israel's practices to securitize Hezbollah's Proxy War

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