Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries and Lessons Learned

Sosa, Aníbal

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89370-9_25

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Finally, the financial burden that resistance imposes upon health services causes more hardship in poor countries. All these have been very recently reviewed [1], not only with regard to bacteria, but also to other microbial pathogens that are gaining resistance and that pose particular threats to the public health in developing countries. The current situation in Mexico is briefly reviewed here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Amábile-Cuevas¹

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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As in many other developing countries, conditions that may foster antibiotic resistance in Mexico differ from developed countries, as does resistance prevalence. Fecal pollution and other characteristics of overcrowded, poor cities might create ideal settings for selecting, exchanging and maintaining resistance traits. Medical abuse of antibiotics, along with low-quality drugs, is also present as in many other developing countries. Self-prescription, a common yet unmeasured practice among the Mexican population, may also contribute to increased resistance rates. Pneumococcal resistance towards penicillin and macrolides are the highest in Latin American countries, as is resistance of Salmonella and uropathogenic Escherichia coli towards ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; about one-tenth of isolates of these gram-negative pathogens seem to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). High rates of multiple-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also found in Mexico, although there is no report of extensively drug-resistant strains. As to hospital-acquired pathogens, about a third of E. coli and Klebsiella isolates are ESBL-producers, and half of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are resistant to oxacillin (MRSA). Approximately 40% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are resistant to ceftazidime, imipenem or levofloxacin. Although community-acquired MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and other resistance problems found in developed countries are not as common in Mexico, local issues are no small concern, and are disturbingly moving towards outpatients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Amábile-Cuevas¹

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The structure of β-lactams is an analog of the pentapeptid precursors and therefore, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the last stage, as it competes with the precursor molecule that is linking with the peptidoglycan for the PBP. The bacteria die as a result of impaired cell wall synthesis (Bush, 2012;Hollenbeck and Rice, 2012;Sosa, 2009 The wide usage of β-lactam antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine creates a selection pressure (Schwaber et al, 2005) and plays an important role in the development of different resistance mechanisms enabling the bacteria to overcome the drug effects (Babic et al, 2006). There are a number of different resistance mechanisms associated with β-lactam resistance.…”

Section: ß-Lactamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a number of different resistance mechanisms associated with β-lactam resistance. The most important mechanism associated with β-lactam resistance in gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, involves the inactivation of the antimicrobial by the production of β-lactamase enzymes that are capable of hydrolysing and inactivating the ß-lactam ring (Allocati et al, 2013;Bradford, 2001;Bush, 2010;Bush, 2012;Li et al, 2007;Seiffert et al, 2013;Sosa, 2009). Resistance may also occur due to mutations in the PBPs, decreased outer membrane permeability and multidrug efflux pumps (Babic et al, 2006;Bush, 2010;Woodford et al, 2007).…”

Section: ß-Lactamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance genes to sulphonamides and trimethoprim are normally found on the chromosome, small non conjugative plasmids or large multi-resistance plasmids where it is linked to other resistance genes (Sosa, 2009). Resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamides are due to efflux pumps and mutations in the target enzymes (Cambau and Guillard, 2012;Eliopoulos and Huovinen, 2001).…”

Section: Sulphonamide and Trimethoprimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphenicols inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis (Dowling, 2013;Sams, 1994). They prevent protein elongation by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity at the bacterial ribosome (Schwarz et al, 2004;Sosa, 2009). …”

Section: Phenicolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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Colonization with Multidrug‐Resistant Enterobacteriaceae is Associated with Increased Mortality Following Burn Injury in Sub‐Saharan Africa

et al. 2018

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Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries and Lessons Learned

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Colonization with Multidrug‐Resistant Enterobacteriaceae is Associated with Increased Mortality Following Burn Injury in Sub‐Saharan Africa

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