Containment of Local COVID-19 Outbreak Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients and Healthcare Workers in a Pediatric Stem Cell Unit

Ouederni, Monia; Rekaya, Samia; Bouabdallah, Oussema; Fradj, Ilhem Ben; Kouki, Ridha; Chebbi, Yosr; Ammar, Sahar Ben; Lamouchi, Takwa; Lachiheb, Asma; Zekri, Nessrine; Laajili, Siwar; Zaiter, Ikram; Hamzaoui, A.; Béjaoui, Mohamed; Mellouli, Fethi; Achour, Wafa; Khaled, Monia Ben

doi:10.1007/s10875-021-01094-4

Cited by 3 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phagocytic diseases were the sixth most-common IEIs in children who experienced COVID-19 (n = 54, 7.6%) [ 19 , 40 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 61 – 63 , 65 , 74 , 77 , 81 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 98 , 101 , 107 , 117 , 124 , 127 ] (see Additional file 2 : Table S3). Among them, 26 have chronic granulomatous disease (48.1% of all phagocytic diseases) [ 40 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 53 , 62 , 65 , 74 , 81 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 98 , 124 ], 8 have Shwachman-Diamond syndromes (14.8%) [ 61 , 95 , 101 ], 6 have HAX1 deficiencies (11.1%) [ 74 , 77 , 124 ], 2 have Glycogen storage diseases type 1b (3.7%) [ 62 ], and 2 have Elastase deficiency (3.7%) [ 81 , 127 ]. The remaining 10 patients have JAGN1 deficiency (n = 1) [ 117 ]; poikiloderma with neutropenia (n = 1) [ 107 ]; cystic fibrosis (n = 1) [ 19 ]; leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 3 (n = 1) [ 65 ]; GATA2 deficiency (n = 1) [ 95 ]; undefined leukopenia (n = 1) [ 46 ]; and unspecified phagocytic diseases (n = 4) [ 52 , 63 , 101 , 124 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, 26 have chronic granulomatous disease (48.1% of all phagocytic diseases) [ 40 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 53 , 62 , 65 , 74 , 81 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 98 , 124 ], 8 have Shwachman-Diamond syndromes (14.8%) [ 61 , 95 , 101 ], 6 have HAX1 deficiencies (11.1%) [ 74 , 77 , 124 ], 2 have Glycogen storage diseases type 1b (3.7%) [ 62 ], and 2 have Elastase deficiency (3.7%) [ 81 , 127 ]. The remaining 10 patients have JAGN1 deficiency (n = 1) [ 117 ]; poikiloderma with neutropenia (n = 1) [ 107 ]; cystic fibrosis (n = 1) [ 19 ]; leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 3 (n = 1) [ 65 ]; GATA2 deficiency (n = 1) [ 95 ]; undefined leukopenia (n = 1) [ 46 ]; and unspecified phagocytic diseases (n = 4) [ 52 , 63 , 101 , 124 ]. The most frequent main genetic causes of phagocytic diseases in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were CYBB (n = 9) [ 40 , 43 , 46 , 90 , 92 , 95 ], HAX1 deficiency (n = 6) [ 74 , 77 , 124 ], SDBS deficiency (n = 5) [ 61 , 101 ], NCF1 (n = 3) [ 62 , 92 ], ELANE (n = 2) [ 81 , 127 ], and SLC37A4 (n = 2) [ 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining 10 patients have JAGN1 deficiency (n = 1) [ 117 ]; poikiloderma with neutropenia (n = 1) [ 107 ]; cystic fibrosis (n = 1) [ 19 ]; leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 3 (n = 1) [ 65 ]; GATA2 deficiency (n = 1) [ 95 ]; undefined leukopenia (n = 1) [ 46 ]; and unspecified phagocytic diseases (n = 4) [ 52 , 63 , 101 , 124 ]. The most frequent main genetic causes of phagocytic diseases in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were CYBB (n = 9) [ 40 , 43 , 46 , 90 , 92 , 95 ], HAX1 deficiency (n = 6) [ 74 , 77 , 124 ], SDBS deficiency (n = 5) [ 61 , 101 ], NCF1 (n = 3) [ 62 , 92 ], ELANE (n = 2) [ 81 , 127 ], and SLC37A4 (n = 2) [ 62 ]. For patients with phagocytic diseases who acquired SARS-CoV-2, the median interquartile range (IQR) age was 96 months [22.5 to 180], with a male predominance [n = 26, 48.1%] [ 19 , 40 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 62 , 65 , 74 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 98 , 101 , 107 , 127 ], and majority of the patients belonged to White (Caucasian) (n = 28, 51.8%) [ 43 , 46 , 52 , 61 – 63 , 81 , 95 , 107 , 124 ], Persian (n = 11, 20.4%) [ 19 , 48 , 53 , 74 , 77 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent main genetic causes of phagocytic diseases in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 were CYBB (n = 9) [ 40 , 43 , 46 , 90 , 92 , 95 ], HAX1 deficiency (n = 6) [ 74 , 77 , 124 ], SDBS deficiency (n = 5) [ 61 , 101 ], NCF1 (n = 3) [ 62 , 92 ], ELANE (n = 2) [ 81 , 127 ], and SLC37A4 (n = 2) [ 62 ]. For patients with phagocytic diseases who acquired SARS-CoV-2, the median interquartile range (IQR) age was 96 months [22.5 to 180], with a male predominance [n = 26, 48.1%] [ 19 , 40 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 62 , 65 , 74 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 98 , 101 , 107 , 127 ], and majority of the patients belonged to White (Caucasian) (n = 28, 51.8%) [ 43 , 46 , 52 , 61 – 63 , 81 , 95 , 107 , 124 ], Persian (n = 11, 20.4%) [ 19 , 48 , 53 , 74 , 77 , 98 , 117 ] and Hispanic (n = 9, 16.7%) [ 40 , 65 , 95 ] ethnicity. In those phagocytic diseases patients, few studies reported on specific allele changes (n = 5, 9.2%) [ 62 , 77 , 107 , 124 , 127 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies): a systematic review

Alhumaid,

Al Mutared,

Al Alawi

et al. 2023

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol

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Background Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are considered significant challenges for children with IEIs, their families, and their medical providers. Infections are the most common complication of IEIs and children can acquire coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) even when protective measures are taken. Objectives To estimate the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with IEIs and analyse the demographic parameters, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in children with IEIs with COVID-19 illness. Methods For this systematic review, we searched ProQuest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for studies on the development of COVID-19 in children with IEIs, published from December 1, 2019 to February 28, 2023, with English language restriction. Results Of the 1095 papers that were identified, 116 articles were included in the systematic review (73 case report, 38 cohort 4 case-series and 1 case–control studies). Studies involving 710 children with IEIs with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. Among all 710 IEIs pediatric cases who acquired SARS-CoV-2, some children were documented to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 119, 16.8%), intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation (n = 87, 12.2%), suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 98, 13.8%) or died (n = 60, 8.4%). Overall, COVID-19 in children with different IEIs patents resulted in no or low severity of disease in more than 76% of all included cases (COVID-19 severity: asymptomatic = 105, mild = 351, or moderate = 88). The majority of children with IEIs received treatment for COVID-19 (n = 579, 81.5%). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) due to COVID-19 in children with IEIs occurred in 103 (14.5%). Fatality in children with IEIs with COVID-19 was reported in any of the included IEIs categories for cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies (n = 19, 18.6%), immune dysregulatory diseases (n = 17, 17.9%), innate immunodeficiencies (n = 5, 10%), bone marrow failure (n = 1, 14.3%), complement deficiencies (n = 1, 9.1%), combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (n = 7, 5.5%), phagocytic diseases (n = 3, 5.5%), autoinflammatory diseases (n = 2, 3%) and predominantly antibody deficiencies (n = 5, 2.5%). Mortality was COVID-19-related in a considerable number of children with IEIs (29/60, 48.3%). The highest ICU admission and fatality rates were observed in cases belonging to cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies (26.5% and 18.6%) and immune dysregulatory diseases (35.8% and 17.9%) groups, especially in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 who suffered severe combined immunodeficiency (28.6% and 23.8%), combined immunodeficiency (25% and 15%), familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (40% and 20%), X-linked lymphoproliferative diseases-1 (75% and 75%) and X-linked lymphoproliferative diseases-2 (50% and 50%) compared to the other IEIs cases. Conclusion Children with IEIs infected with SARS-CoV-2 may experience higher rates of ICU admission and mortality in comparison with the immunocompetent pediatric populations. Underlying immune defects does seem to be independent risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with IEIs, a number of children with SCID and CID were reported to have prolonged infections–though the number of patients is small–but especially immune dysregulation diseases (XLP1 and XLP2) and innate immunodeficiencies impairing type I interferon signalling (IFNAR1, IFNAR2 and TBK1).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies): a systematic review

Alhumaid,

Al Mutared,

Al Alawi

et al. 2023

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol

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COVID-19 surveillance in a bone marrow transplantation unit: experience from a Brazilian tertiary-care teaching hospital

Randi,

Guimarães,

de S. Spadao

et al. 2024

Support Care Cancer

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Nosocomial Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a Hospital Ward during the Omicron Variant-Dominant Wave with a Review of the Relevant Literature

Osaka,

Tagashira,

Takeuchi

et al. 2024

Jpn J Infect Dis

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Clusters of nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 were reported globally during the recent pandemic. Unfortunately, these clusters negatively impacted inpatient morbidity, mortality, and hospital functions. Using epidemiological data and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2, the present study investigated an outbreak of COVID-19 at a university hospital. Eight inpatients and 13 healthcare workers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during a one-month period. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the virus in 11 patients revealed that two variants of concern belonging to the Omicron sublineages, BA.2.3 and BA1.1.2, had caused the outbreak during a time when the proportion of the Omicron lineage in the community was changing. When variants of concern are undergoing mutation, a response to the outbreak should be made with multiple variants in mind, even in the absence of epidemiological data showing close contact or other potential vectors of infection, and awareness about infection prevention and control should be raised to safeguard patient safety.

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Containment of Local COVID-19 Outbreak Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients and Healthcare Workers in a Pediatric Stem Cell Unit

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies): a systematic review

Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies): a systematic review

COVID-19 surveillance in a bone marrow transplantation unit: experience from a Brazilian tertiary-care teaching hospital

Nosocomial Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a Hospital Ward during the Omicron Variant-Dominant Wave with a Review of the Relevant Literature

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