Contaminant levels in colonial waterbirds from Green Bay and Lake Michigan, 1975?80

Heinz, Gary H.; Erdman, Thomas C.; Haseltine, Susan D.; Stafford, Charles J.

doi:10.1007/bf00394064

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The mean concentrations of PCBs we found in cormorant eggs (1 to 8 ppm wet weight) were at the lower end of the range reported for double-crested cormorants on the Great Lakes (4.3 to 75.3 ppm dry weight by Gilbertson and Reynolds [45], 23.8 ppm wet weight by Weseloh and Teeple [46], and 2 to 16.5 ppm wet weight by Heinz et al [47]). This was expected because our study was more recent than the others and because organochlorine chemicals are continuing to decrease in Great Lakes biota generally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Larson

Karasov

Sileo

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-To test an association between environmental contaminants and the prevalence of congenital anomalies in colonial waterbirds, we collected representative eggs for chemical analysis from double-crested cormorant nests at colonies in Lake Michigan, Wisconsin, USA, and Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, Canada, and periodically revisited the nests to determine the hatching success, survivorship of hatchlings, and number of deformed hatchlings in the remainder of each clutch. Total concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in eggs were determined by capillary gas chromatography. The combined activity of planar chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs) in the eggs was measured in an in vitro bioassay based on the induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in rat hepatoma cells. The combined EROD induction activity was expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ). Total concentrations of PCBs and TCDD-EQ were seven to eight times greater in eggs from Lake Michigan (7.8 g/g and 138 pg/g, respectively) than in those from Lake Winnipegosis (1.0 g/g and 19 pg/g, respectively). The proportion of eggs hatching at the Lake Michigan colony (59%) was less (p Ͻ 0.05) than at Lake Winnipegosis (70%), and the prevalence of hatchlings with deformed bills was greater (p Ͻ 0.001) at Lake Michigan (0.79 vs. 0.06%). However, within the Lake Michigan colony, concentrations of PCBs and TCDD-EQ were not correlated with either hatching success or the occurrence of deformities in nestlings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Larson

Karasov

Sileo

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Maximum levels were recorded in brain (3.05 lg/g) and liver (2.32 lg/g) tissues of vulture received from Ahmedabad. Residues of 0.10-0.73 lg/g have been reported in blackcrowned night heron (Heinz et al 1985) and 0.001-0.042 lg/g in South African vulture (Wyk et al 2001). The levels recorded in the present study are higher than the LC 50 values for Japanese Quail, Coturnix japonica, 93 ppb and ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchinus, 224 ppb (Heath et al 1983).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Tissues and Eggs of White-Backed Vulture, Gyps bengalensis from Different Locations in India

Muralidharan

Dhananjayan

Risebrough

et al. 2008

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Organochlorine pesticide residues were determined in tissues of five Indian white-backed vultures and two of their eggs collected from different locations in India. All the samples had varying levels of residues. p,p'-DDE ranged between 0.002 microg/g in muscle of vulture from Mudumali and 7.30 microg/g in liver of vulture from Delhi. Relatively higher levels of p,p'-DDT and its metabolites were documented in the bird from Delhi than other places. Dieldrin was 0.003 and 0.015 microg/g while p,p'-DDE was 2.46 and 3.26 microg/g in egg one and two respectively. Dieldrin appeared to be lower than the threshold level of 0.5 microg/g. p,p'-DDE exceeded the levels reported to have created toxic effects in eggs of other wild birds. Although varying levels of DDT, HCH, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide and endosulfan residues were detected in the vulture tissues, they do not appear to be responsible for the present status of population in India.

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“…Although PCBs levels detected in plasma of white-backed vulture are much greater than those reported in peregrine falcons (Jarman et al 1994) in Greenland, two other species had comparable levels. Concentrations of PCBs have usually been the predominant chlorinated hydrocarbons in Great Lakes wildlife (Heinz et al 1985;Struger and Weseloh 1985). The greater concentrations of PCBs in plasma samples of white-backed vulture collected from Ahmedabad suggest that birds in this region are exposed to greater concentrations of PCBs through their diet.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distribution of persistent organochlorine chemical residues in blood plasma of three species of vultures from India

Dhananjayan

Muralidharan

Jayanthi

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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The presence of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in blood plasma of white-backed vulture Gyps bengalensis, Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, and griffon vulture Gyps fulvus collected from Ahmedabad, India. All the samples had varying levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs. Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences among species were detected for beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), ∑HCH, and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT). The mean concentration of ∑HCH, ∑DDT, and ∑PCBs among plasma ranged from 43.7 to 136, 8.8 to 64.8, and 226 to 585 ng/ml, respectively. Among the various OCPs analyzed, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) was detected most frequently. The concentrations of cyclodiene insecticides detected were lower than the other organochlorine residues. The levels of pesticides measured in plasma samples of three species of vulture were comparable to the results documented for a number of avian species and were lower than those reported to have deleterious effects on survival or reproduction of birds. Although no threat is posed by any of the organochlorine pesticides detected, continuous monitoring of breeding colonies is recommended. This study is also the first account of a comprehensive analysis of toxicants present in blood plasma of vulture species in India. The values reported in this study can serve as guidelines for future research in general as well as control values during the analysis of samples obtained from birds in the event of suspected organochlorine poisoning.

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Contaminant levels in colonial waterbirds from Green Bay and Lake Michigan, 1975?80

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Tissues and Eggs of White-Backed Vulture, Gyps bengalensis from Different Locations in India

Distribution of persistent organochlorine chemical residues in blood plasma of three species of vultures from India

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