Contaminants in Terrestrial Environments

Fränzle, Otto

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77366-2

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Due to biotic and abiotic chemical dynamics, microbial metal toxicity is reduced by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in soils relative to solution, depending on factors such as soil type, aeration conditions, metal speciation, carbon sources, pH, and E h (2,12). Microbial communities are of primary importance in bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils and represent a substantial proportion of the in situ biomass and metabolic diversity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Toxic Metals on Indigenous Soil β-Subgroup Proteobacterium Ammonia Oxidizer Community Structure and Protection against Toxicity by Inoculated Metal-Resistant Bacteria

Stephen

Chang

Macnaughton

et al. 1999

Appl Environ Microbiol

252

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Contamination of soils with toxic metals is a major problem on military, industrial, and mining sites worldwide. Of particular interest to the field of bioremediation is the selection of biological markers for the end point of remediation. In this microcosm study, we focus on the effect of addition of a mixture of toxic metals (cadmium, cobalt, cesium, and strontium as chlorides) to soil on the population structure and size of the ammonia oxidizers that are members of the beta subgroup of the Proteobacteria (β-subgroup ammonia oxidizers). In a parallel experiment, the soils were also treated by the addition of five strains of metal-resistant heterotrophic bacteria. Effects on nitrogen cycling were measured by monitoring the NH3 and NH4 + levels in soil samples. The gene encoding the α-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) was selected as a functional molecular marker for the β-subgroup ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Community structure comparisons were performed with clone libraries of PCR-amplified fragments of amoA recovered from contaminated and control microcosms for 8 weeks. Analysis was performed by restriction digestion and sequence comparison. The abundance of ammonia oxidizers in these microcosms was also monitored by competitive PCR. All amoA gene fragments recovered grouped with sequences derived from culturedNitrosospira. These comprised four novel sequence clusters and a single unique clone. Specific changes in the community structure of β-subgroup ammonia oxidizers were associated with the addition of metals. These changes were not seen in the presence of the inoculated metal-resistant bacteria. Neither treatment significantly altered the total number of β-subgroup ammonia-oxidizing cells per gram of soil compared to untreated controls. Following an initial decrease in concentration, ammonia began to accumulate in metal-treated soils toward the end of the experiment.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Toxic Metals on Indigenous Soil β-Subgroup Proteobacterium Ammonia Oxidizer Community Structure and Protection against Toxicity by Inoculated Metal-Resistant Bacteria

Stephen

Chang

Macnaughton

et al. 1999

Appl Environ Microbiol

252

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“…For ecological statements, data on soil texture are more relevant than those on soil types, which are based on pedogenetical interpretations of soil characteristics in the German system. That is why it is rather difficult to objectively and reliably determine soil types, and to interpret them in terms of environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology (Fränzle, 1993). In contrast, the soil texture is valid for many physical and chemical properties, which are of crucial importance, e.g.…”

Section: Ecological Regionalizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus, the interactions between biotopes and biocoenoses lead to spatial structures that can be recognized in macroscopic dimensions up to the scale of ecoregions or landscapes, and which may be interpreted as integral indicators of material and energy flows in ecosystems (Fränzle, 1993). That is why the number and the geographical distribution of environmental monitoring sites should therefore represent the spatial extend and pattern of ecoregions and land use units which together constitute landscapes (Section 4.2).…”

Section: Ecological Regionalizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems, such as land use, air pollution and wet and dry deposition, are usually more variable in the course of time than those of climate (see above), soil texture and altitude. Therefore, data on environmental stress caused by anthropogenic impacts were not used for the calculation of the ecological regionalization, although they serve to provide an ecological interpretation of the environmental quality in terms of stability and resilience when used jointly (Fränzle, 1993) (Section 4.2).…”

Section: Ecological Regionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying and closing gaps in environmental monitoring by means of metadata, ecological regionalization and geostatistics using the UNESCO biosphere reserve rhoen (Germany) as an example

Schröder

Pesch

Schmidt

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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In Germany, environmental monitoring is intended to provide a holistic view of the environmental condition. To this end the monitoring operated by the federal states must use harmonized, resp., standardized methods. In addition, the monitoring sites should cover the ecoregions without any geographical gaps, the monitoring design should have no gaps in terms of ecologically relevant measurement parameters, and the sample data should be spatially without any gaps. This article outlines the extent to which the Rhoen Biosphere Reserve, occupying a part of the German federal states of Bavaria, Hesse and Thuringia, fulfills the listed requirements. The investigation considered collection, data banking and analysis of monitoring data and metadata, ecological regionalization and geostatistics. Metadata on the monitoring networks were collected by questionnaires and provided a complete inventory and description of the monitoring activities in the reserve and its surroundings. The analysis of these metadata reveals that most of the monitoring methods are harmonized across the boundaries of the three federal states the Rhoen is part of. The monitoring networks that measure precipitation, surface water levels, and groundwater quality are particularly overrepresented in the central ecoregions of the biosphere reserve. Soil monitoring sites are more equally distributed within the ecoregions of the Rhoen. The number of sites for the monitoring of air pollutants is not sufficient to draw spatially valid conclusions. To fill these spatial gaps, additional data on the annual average values of the concentrations of air pollutants from monitoring sites outside of the biosphere reserve had therefore been subject to geostatistical analysis and estimation. This yields valid information on the spatial patterns and temporal trends of air quality. The approach illustrated is applicable to similar cases, as, for example, the harmonization of international monitoring networks.

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“…A fine overview of the various definitions is given by Wittig (1993). As a first starting point for the difficult use of bioindication methods, the following references may be helpful: Altenburger and Schmitt (2003), Arndt (1992), Bargagli (1998), Breulmann et al (1997, Breulmann et al (1998), Carreras et al (1998), Djingova and Kuleff (2000), Farago (1994), Figueiredo et al (2001, Fraenzle (1993), Fraenzle and Markert (2002), Freitas et al (1999), Garty (1998), Genßler et al (2001, Herpin et al (1997Herpin et al ( , 2001, Klumpp et al (2000), Kostka-Rick et al (2001), Lieth (1998), , Markert et al (2003b), Siewers and Herpin (1998), Siewers et al (2000), Vtorova et al (2001), Vutchkov (2001 and Wolterbeek et al (1995).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%