Contaminants of emerging concerns in recycled water: Fate and risks in agroecosystems

Shi, Qingyang; Xiong, Yaxin; Kaur, Parminder; Sy, Nathan D.; Gan, Jay

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152527

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…There is evidence for potential human and animal exposures from food consumption of plants that have taken up WWTP-derived contaminants, underscoring the need to evaluate other contaminant exposure pathways and antibiotic resistance. − To help address this important topic, we assessed if effluent irrigation to corn influenced contaminant uptake through the collection and analyses of above-ground corn plants (e.g., stem, leaf, and kernel) collected at harvest from the I-Ag and NI-Ag fields. Such above-ground corn-plant samples were collected because that was the portion of the plant being fed to cattle following harvest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estrogens and other EDCs have been found in WWTP effluent, stormwater, and agricultural runoff . WWTP effluent can be used for irrigation in agriculture as a beneficial source of water to increase crop yields, but there is evidence for potential human and animal exposures from food consumption of plants that have taken up WWTP-derived contaminants − including per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) . Although previous studies have documented mobilization of such contaminants from fields treated with municipal biosolids, , source effluent irrigation, and surface runoff from excess effluent irrigation, there are few data that include a broad suite of organic chemicals in rain-induced agricultural runoff from effluent-irrigated fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contaminant Exposure and Transport from Three Potential Reuse Waters within a Single Watershed

Masoner

Kolpin

Cozzarelli

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Global demand for safe and sustainable water supplies necessitates a better understanding of contaminant exposures in potential reuse waters. In this study, we compared exposures and load contributions to surface water from the discharge of three reuse waters (wastewater effluent, urban stormwater, and agricultural runoff). Results document substantial and varying organic-chemical contribution to surface water from effluent discharges (e.g., disinfection byproducts [DBP], prescription pharmaceuticals, industrial/household chemicals), urban stormwater (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, nonprescription pharmaceuticals), and agricultural runoff (e.g., pesticides). Excluding DBPs, episodic storm-event organic concentrations and loads from urban stormwater were comparable to and often exceeded those of daily wastewater-effluent discharges. We also assessed if wastewater-effluent irrigation to corn resulted in measurable effects on organic-chemical concentrations in rain-induced agricultural runoff and harvested feedstock. Overall, the target-organic load of 491 g from wastewater-effluent irrigation to the study corn field during the 2019 growing season did not produce substantial dissolved organic-contaminant contributions in subsequent rain-induced runoff events. Out of the 140 detected organics in source wastewater-effluent irrigation, only imidacloprid and estrone had concentrations that resulted in observable differences between rain-induced agricultural runoff from the effluent-irrigated and nonirrigated corn fields. Analyses of pharmaceuticals and per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances in at-harvest corn-plant samples detected two prescription antibiotics, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, at concentrations of 36 and 70 ng/g, respectively, in effluent-irrigated corn-plant samples; no contaminants were detected in noneffluent irrigated corn-plant samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant Exposure and Transport from Three Potential Reuse Waters within a Single Watershed

Masoner

Kolpin

Cozzarelli

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…For example, although 6PPD-q displayed a relatively high root concentration factor under hydroponic conditions (Figure ), in soils with a high organic carbon content, it is likely that due to the compound’s log K ow of 5.0–5.5, 6PPD-q is expected to remain bound to soil rather than being available for plant uptake. Biosolids have a high organic carbon content, which may decrease the availability of neutral tire-derived compounds for plant uptake . Additionally, co-contaminants could also affect plant uptake.…”

Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biosolids have a high organic carbon content, which may decrease the availability of neutral tire-derived compounds for plant uptake. 55 Additionally, co-contaminants could also affect plant uptake. For example, cellular stress induced by mercury was demonstrated to reduce plant uptake of oxytetracycline.…”

Section: Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake, Metabolism, and Accumulation of Tire Wear Particle-Derived Compounds in Lettuce

Castan

Sherman

Peng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Tire wear particle (TWP)-derived compounds may be of high concern to consumers when released in the root zone of edible plants. We exposed lettuce plants to the TWP-derived compounds diphenylguanidine (DPG), hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM), benzothiazole (BTZ), N-phenyl-N′-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and its quinone transformation product (6PPD-q) at concentrations of 1 mg L–1 in hydroponic solutions over 14 days to analyze if they are taken up and metabolized by the plants. Assuming that TWP may be a long-term source of TWP-derived compounds to plants, we further investigated the effect of leaching from TWP on the concentration of leachate compounds in lettuce leaves by adding constantly leaching TWP to the hydroponic solutions. Concentrations in leaves, roots, and nutrient solution were quantified by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and metabolites in the leaves were identified by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. This study demonstrates that TWP-derived compounds are readily taken up by lettuce with measured maximum leaf concentrations between ∼0.75 (6PPD) and 20 μg g–1 (HMMM). Although these compounds were metabolized in the plant, we identified several transformation products, most of which proved to be more stable in the lettuce leaves than the parent compounds. Furthermore, continuous leaching from TWP led to a resupply and replenishment of the metabolized compounds in the lettuce leaves. The stability of metabolized TWP-derived compounds with largely unknown toxicities is particularly concerning and is an important new aspect for the impact assessment of TWP in the environment.

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“…A large number of chemicals have been released into the environment by human activities, such as agriculture, industrial productions, and their relative byproducts. Once these chemicals enter the environment, transformation products (TPs) can be produced through hydrolysis, photosynthesis, and biological metabolism [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Most of these chemicals and their TPs are missing molecular and/or structure information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision Cross Section Prediction with Molecular Fingerprint Using Machine Learning

et al. 2022

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High-resolution mass spectrometry is a promising technique in non-target screening (NTS) to monitor contaminants of emerging concern in complex samples. Current chemical identification strategies in NTS experiments typically depend on spectral libraries, chemical databases, and in silico fragmentation tools. However, small molecule identification remains challenging due to the lack of orthogonal sources of information (e.g., unique fragments). Collision cross section (CCS) values measured by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) offer an additional identification dimension to increase the confidence level. Thanks to the advances in analytical instrumentation, an increasing application of IMS hybrid with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in NTS has been reported in the recent decades. Several CCS prediction tools have been developed. However, limited CCS prediction methods were based on a large scale of chemical classes and cross-platform CCS measurements. We successfully developed two prediction models using a random forest machine learning algorithm. One of the approaches was based on chemicals’ super classes; the other model was direct CCS prediction using molecular fingerprint. Over 13,324 CCS values from six different laboratories and PubChem using a variety of ion-mobility separation techniques were used for training and testing the models. The test accuracy for all the prediction models was over 0.85, and the median of relative residual was around 2.2%. The models can be applied to different IMS platforms to eliminate false positives in small molecule identification.

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Contaminants of emerging concerns in recycled water: Fate and risks in agroecosystems

Cited by 52 publications

References 226 publications

Contaminant Exposure and Transport from Three Potential Reuse Waters within a Single Watershed

Contaminant Exposure and Transport from Three Potential Reuse Waters within a Single Watershed

Uptake, Metabolism, and Accumulation of Tire Wear Particle-Derived Compounds in Lettuce

Collision Cross Section Prediction with Molecular Fingerprint Using Machine Learning

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