Contaminating Elements in Mineral Supplements and their Potential Toxicity: a Review

Ammerman, C. B.; Miller, Steve; Fick, K.R.; Hansard, Sam L.

doi:10.2527/jas1977.443485x

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…However, once absorbed, cadmium is rapidly cleared from the blood and is concentrated in various tissues. Turnover of tissue cadmium is slower than that of lead or mercury (Ammerman et al, 1977). Thus, cadmium is a known toxic metal that is accumulated easily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cadmium in Feed on Organs and Meat Colour of Growing Pigs

Han

et al. 2007

Vet Res Commun

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One hundred and ninety-two barrows (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire, initial weight 27.7 kg) were used to investigate the effects of cadmium in feed on the function of selected organs and meat colour of growing pigs. The pigs were randomly allocated into four different treatments. Each treatment included three replications with 16 pigs per replicate. The animals were fed corn-soybean basal diet and supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg cadmium (as CdCl(2)), respectively. The feeding trial ended when the average body weight of the pigs reach 90 kg. The results showed that, compared with controls, addition of 10 mg/kg cadmium to the diet resulted in significant elevations of relative weight of liver and spleen by 18.3% (p<0.05) and 19.7% (p<0.05) respectively, and of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities by 17.8% (p<0.05) and 27.4% (p<0.05) respectively; and significant decreases of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity in the liver by 24.6% (p<0.05), the redness of longissimus dorsi by 26.6% (p<0.05) and 24.9% (p<0.05) at 0.75 h and 16 h post mortem, respectively, and of the myoglobin content of longissimus dorsi by 19.4% (p<0.05). No changes were found in these indices above when the pigs were fed the diet supplied with 0.5 or 5 mg/kg cadmium (p>0.05), nor in renal functions among cadmium-treatment treatments (p>0.05) as indicated is the activities of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the content of urinary protein. The study indicated the adverse effects of 10 mg/kg cadmium in feed on liver functions and meat colour of growing pigs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cadmium in Feed on Organs and Meat Colour of Growing Pigs

Han

et al. 2007

Vet Res Commun

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“…A suspeita mais evidente é de que a presença de chumbo na mistura esteja incorporada às fontes de fósforo, porque estas representam o maior custo na composição de um sal mineral (SOUSA, 1981;ROSA, 1989), induzindo os fabricantes a buscá-la em fontes alternativas mais baratas. Há possibilidades de que chumbo esteja agregado as fontes de fosfato, como por exemplo, nos fosfatos naturais de rocha segundo AMMERMAN et al, 1977;VIANA, 1985;ROSA, 1989;CAMPOS NETO, 1992, ou no ácido fosfórico importado (BRITO, 1993), o que certamente sugere outras pesquisas com investigação dirigida. Todavia, deve ser lembrado que os xenobióticos podem ser oriundos de matérias-primas de microelementos (CAMPOS NETO e MARÇAL, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Existem no mercado nacional aproximadamente 5.500 diferentes misturas minerais sendo amplamente comercializadas (MARÇAL et al, 1998) (National Research Council, 1980;KANEKO, 1989;VILLEGAS-NAVARRO et al, 1993;MARÇAL e TRUNKL, 1994;MARÇAL et al, 1999), sendo possível sua veiculação aos animais através da ingestão de formulações minerais comprometidas (AMMERMAN et al, 1977;MAYNARD et al, 1984;MALETTO, 1986;JUNQUEIRA, 1993;CAMPOS NETO e MARÇAL, 1996;MARÇAL et al, 1998 (McDOWELL, 1985: MARACEK, et al, 1998, inclusive abortamento (STUART e OEHME, 1982;McDOWELL, 1985;MARÇAL et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Valores De Chumbo Inorgânico Em Formulações Minerais Comercializadas No Estado Do Paraná

Gaste¹,

Marçal²,

Nascimento³

2002

AVS

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2Químico, CNEN (Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear).RESUMO -Para se proceder a uma investigação em misturas minerais, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantificando o elemento chumbo em diferentes formulações, comercializadas no Estado do Paraná. O xenobiótico foi determinado pela técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Em 29 amostras analisadas, 21 tiveram valores superiores aos 10 mg kg -1 recomendado como máximo valor aceitável por MALETTO (1986). Os valores encontrados oscilaram entre 2,7 e 256,4 mg kg -1 , com o maior resultado sendo encontrado numa amostra de sal mineral colhida no município de Catanduvas. Os resultados demonstram a urgente necessidade de monitoramento junto aos fabricantes, pois algumas misturas minerais são eminentemente perigosas, possibilitando efeitos cumulativos tóxicos de chumbo inorgânico aos bovinos.Palavras chave: sal mineral, chumbo, bovinos. , the maximum concentration recommended by MALETTO (1986). The concentrations of lead found ranged from 2.7 to 256.4 mg kg -1 , the highest value being assayed in a sample commercialized at Catanduvas city. These findings call for the need of a careful industrial monitoring because some mineral mixtures contain sufficient lead to cause bovine toxicity and, through the trop;hic chain, reach the human population. ABSTRACT -

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“…Lead poisoning in livestock is well documented, with a number of seminal reviews published during the 1970s (for example [172][173][174][175][176][177]). Lead toxicosis is characterized by one or more of several clinical signs and underlying pathophysiological effects [178]. The main clinical signs have been described as microcytic hypochromic anaemia; anorexia, fatigue, depression; intestinal colic (constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain); vomiting, increased salivation, oesophageal paralysis; nephropathy; irritability, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, blindness in cattle; laryngeal paralysis in horses; weight loss; abortion; and maniacal excitement in young calves.…”

Section: Exposure and Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper and Lead

Hough

2010

Trace Elements in Soils

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Contaminating Elements in Mineral Supplements and their Potential Toxicity: a Review

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Cadmium in Feed on Organs and Meat Colour of Growing Pigs

Effect of Cadmium in Feed on Organs and Meat Colour of Growing Pigs

Valores De Chumbo Inorgânico Em Formulações Minerais Comercializadas No Estado Do Paraná

Copper and Lead

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