Contamination and Adulteration in Arecanut (Areca Catechu L.) And Its Chewing Foms: The Less Focused Subject by Health Researchers

Bhat, Sarpangala Keshava; Devasya, Ashwin; Sarpangala, Mythri

doi:10.9790/2402-1101010712

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It has been reported to use as masticatory throughout different parts of Southeast Asia and Indian subcontinent due to its potential therapeutic efficacy 153 . It directly stimulates the cholinergic activity and also elucidates the potential stimulation of CNS by binding to the M2 muscarinic receptors 154 . Several scientific studies have been conducted on Areca nut which indicates its several pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects and anti-schizophrenic 155 .…”

Section: Arecolinementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders

et al. 2018

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Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally demarcated as disorders with selective loss of neurons. Conventional as well as newer molecules have been tested but they offer just symptomatic advantages along with abundant side effects. The discovery of more compelling molecules that can halt the pathology of these diseases will be considered as a miracle of present time. Several synthetic compounds are available but they may cause several other health issues. Therefore, natural molecules from the plants and other sources are being discovered to replace available medicines. In conventional medicational therapies, several plants have been reported to bestow remedial effects. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants can provide a better and safer alternative to synthetic molecules. Many phytochemicals have been identified that cure the human body from a number of diseases. The present article reviews the potential efficacy of plant-derived alkaloids, which possess potential therapeutic effects against several NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, and stroke. Alkaloids include isoquinoline, indole, pyrroloindole, oxindole, piperidine, pyridine, aporphine, vinca, β-carboline, methylxanthene, lycopodium, and erythrine byproducts. Alkaloids constitute positive roles in ameliorating pathophysiology of these illnesses by functioning as muscarinic and adenosine receptors agonists, anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid and MAO inhibitors, acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic and nicotine agonist, and NMDA antagonist.

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Section: Arecolinementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders

et al. 2018

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“…Additionally, the traditional production processes of refined betel nut are often conducted in an open environment and involve numerous manual operations. Consequently, betel nuts are susceptible to contamination by both environmental and human-derived microorganisms [57,58].…”

Section: Microbial Contamination Of Refined Betel Nutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Processing Technology of Refined Betel Nut in China: A Review

Zhu,

Deng,

et al. 2023

Processes

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Betel nut is a traditional Asian herbal medicine and ranks as the fourth most common addictive substance in the world. Refined betel nut is made from the original fruit of the Areca catechu L. tree through complex traditional processes. Betel nut has various pharmacological effects, and the health effects of chewing refined betel nut have sparked significant concern. The optimization of processing techniques is essential in mitigating the harmful effects of refined betel nut products. This article reviews the current procedures, major limiting factors and technological innovations associated with refined betel nut production. Modern softening techniques including enzymatic treatment, steam explosion and microwave technology have been developed in the last two decades to improve the softness of betel nut fiber. To address the microbial contamination of products, automated production and nonthermal sterilization technologies such as irradiation are preferred. To prevent or delay the whitening and returning of the betel nut brine, an enhanced brine reaction, compound additives and strict control of environmental temperature and humidity can be essential. Chemical reagents, low-temperature preservation, modified atmosphere preservation and coating preservation are applied for the storage of fresh betel nuts. It was found that optimized processing methods and stringent regulatory measures are required to control the chemical pollution in betel nut products. The widespread integration of emerging technologies underscores the imperative need to update regulatory measures. Thus, we hope this review will offer research insights and theoretical references for reducing the harm associated with the processing technology, as well as the formulation of updated supervisory measures.

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“…Areca nut products have long been utilized as therapies in Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM) and Ayurveda, especially as antihelmintics, aphrodisiacs and painkillers . Its current medicinal uses include laxative and antihelmintic therapy, also finding applications as antihelmintic and anti-infection agent in veterinary . Since 1953, arecoline has officially been included in Pharmacopoeia of China…”

Section: Societal and Economic Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Arecoline

Volgin

Bashirzade

Amstislavskaya

et al. 2019

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Arecoline is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid from areca (betel) nuts of the areca palm (Areca catechu) endemic to South and Southeast Asia. A partial agonist of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, arecoline evokes multiple effects on the central nervous system (CNS), including stimulation, alertness, elation, and anxiolysis. Like nicotine, arecoline also evokes addiction and withdrawal symptoms (upon discontinuation). The abuse of areca nuts is widespread, with over 600 million users globally. The importance of arecoline is further supported by its being the world’s fourth most commonly used human psychoactive substance (after alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine). Here, we discuss neuropharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of arecoline, as well as social and historical aspects of its use and abuse. Paralleling clinical findings, we also evaluate its effects in animal models and outline future clinical and preclinical CNS research in this field.

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Contamination and Adulteration in Arecanut (Areca Catechu L.) And Its Chewing Foms: The Less Focused Subject by Health Researchers

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Research Progress on Processing Technology of Refined Betel Nut in China: A Review

DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Arecoline

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