Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in beach sediments of Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

Nour, Hamdy E.; Helal, Sobhi; Wahab, Mohamed Abdel

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113517

Cited by 51 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The non-carcinogenic risk for children and adults is less than 1 indicating no experienced of any health risk due exposure to non-carcinogenic metals. This result is coincided with Nour et al ( 2022 ), which reported that both sands and soil of the Hurghada Bay are safe for both children and adults. Aside, the carcinogenic risk showed very high Pb, As, and Cr contents for the adult and children either through ingestion or dermal contact, and for LCR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Aside, the carcinogenic risk showed very high Pb, As, and Cr contents for the adult and children either through ingestion or dermal contact, and for LCR. Nour et al ( 2022 ) claimed that the Hurghada area is safe, and their heavy metals lies within the range of the permissible limit. However, their conclusion was based on one sample only collected from the Hurghada beach, which was not representative and insufficient to evaluate an overcrowded city by shipping activities and buildings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators for the heavy metals in the severely polluted Hurghada Bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt

El-Kahawy

Mabrouk

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Twenty-nine sediment samples were collected from the Hurghada Bay, a heavily polluted bay on the Red Sea of Egypt, to inspect the environmental quality status and anthropogenic consequences on benthic foraminifera. Some foraminiferal species showed deformations in their apertures and coiling directions as a response to environmental stresses. In addition, the FoRAM index, an index used for evaluating the growth of coral reefs, indicated a hazard in the proximity of nearshore stations. To elucidate the relationships between the biological response and chemistry of sediments, eight heavy metals concentrations (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, and Mn) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometers (ICP-AES). Interestingly, two groups of benthic foraminiferal associations were illustrated using multivariate statistical analyses. Group I have extremely high heavy metal concentrations, an enriched total organic matter (TOM)%, high deformation percentages, and mud content. Moreover, it is dominated by Ammonia tepida which is regarded as an opportunistic species. Group II includes low to moderately polluted stations, highly enriched living foraminiferal assemblages, and is dominated by the sensitive rotaliids Neorotalia calcar and Amphistegina lobifera. Alternatively, four geochemical indices, EF, CF, Igeo, and PLI, are used to assess the contamination level that shown ominous spots for the nearshore stations of the Hurghada Bay. The pollution indices (HQ and HI) were also conducted to evaluate the risks of carcinogenic heavy metals on human health. Our findings demonstrated that ingestion and dermal exposure have greater carcinogenic hazards for adults and children than inhalation. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) is significantly higher than the permissible limit and follows this order: Pb > As > Cr > Cd > Ni. To that end, developing strategies to lessen the negative impact of pollution on human health and/or the Red Sea’s biodiversity is an inevitable issue in the present day and future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators for the heavy metals in the severely polluted Hurghada Bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt

El-Kahawy

Mabrouk

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The summation of CRs (summation of winter and summer means) was less than E − 06. Thus, CR can be neglected and eliminated (Nour et al 2022 ). In general, the results of C d and HPI indicated that Shiraz’s drinking water is healthy and safe for consumers, and remarkable noncarcinogenic (HQ and HI) and carcinogenic (CR) impacts of PTEs (Pb, Hg, Mn, and Fe) were not observed in the drinking water of Shiraz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water from Shiraz, Iran: a health risk assessment of samples

Mohammadpour

Emadi

Samaei

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The existence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water bodies has posed a menace to human health. Thus, water resources should be protected from PTEs, and their effect on the exposed population should be investigated. In the present investigation, the concentrations of PTEs such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and iron(Fe) in the drinking water of Shiraz, Iran, were determined for the first time. In addition, hazard quotient, hazard index, cancer risk, and sensitivity analysis were applied to estimate the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic impacts of Pb, Hg, Mn, and Fe on exposed children and adults through ingestion. The mean concentrations (µg/L) of Pb, Hg, Mn, and Fe were 0.36, 0.32, 2.28, and 8.72, respectively, in winter and 0.50, 0.20, 0.55, and 10.36, respectively, in summer. The results displayed that Fe concentration was more than the other PTEs. PTE concentrations were lower than the standard values of the Environment Protection Agency and World Health Organization. Values of the degree of contamination and heavy metal pollution index for lead, mercury, manganese, and iron were significantly low (< 1) and excellent (< 50), respectively. Based on the Spearman rank correlation analysis, positive and negative relationships were observed in the present study. The observations of the health risk assessment demonstrated that mercury, lead, iron, and manganese had an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic harmful health risk in exposed children and adults (hazard quotients < 1 and hazard index < 1). The carcinogenic risk of lead was low (< E − 06), which can be neglected. Monte Carlo simulation showed that water intake rate and mercury concentration were the most critical parameters in the hazard index for children and adults. Lead concentration was also the most crucial factor in the cancer risk analysis. The results of the present study proved that the drinking water of Shiraz is safe and healthy and can be confidently consumed by people.

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“…Being typically located in coastal regions, bay areas have some of the highest human development (Xu and Xu, 2013). Suspended sediment transport over bays not only affects seabed evolution and coastal erosion (Jillian et al, 2018), but also largely influences the delivery of nutrients and pollutants from the land to the ocean (Wang et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2016;Nour et al, 2022). Different bays have distinct geomorphic and topographic features, hydrodynamic conditions, and sediment types, as well as suspended sediment transport mechanisms (Fang et al, 2000;Tong et al, 2018;Bo Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatio-temporal distribution and transport of suspended sediment in Laizhou Bay: Insights from hydrological and sedimentological investigations

Xie

Bao²,

Yin³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Suspended sediment transport and deposition are crucial physical processes controlling the geomorphological evolution of estuaries and bays. Specially, under the context of worldwide coastal erosion, knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and its associated sediment load have become increasingly important for bay management. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of suspended sediment dynamics continues to be hampered by the lack of high-resolution observations. Here, we present a study of the transport mechanisms and controlling factors of suspended sediment over Laizhou Bay. For this, we conducted continuous measurements of SSC, salinity, temperature, and flow velocity at nine stations throughout Laizhou Bay for one 25-h period during each of the spring and moderate tides. Based on these data, residual current, gradient Richardson numbers, and suspended sediment flux were calculated. Our results indicate that a strong current field occurs near the Yellow River mouth, corresponding to the zone with high SSC. The overall diffusion characteristics of suspended sediment are controlled by the tidal current field. Furthermore, our findings suggest that different degrees of stratification occur in the water column, which inhibit the effective vertical diffusion of suspended sediment; Higher water temperature was the main cause of stronger water column stratification of spring tide than moderate tide. Finally, our results reveal that the type of seabed sediment is an important factor controlling SSC by influencing resuspension flux. We conclude that the primary mechanisms controlling suspended sediment transport in Laizhou Bay are advection and tidal pumping, especially advection. Our research provides both a foundational reference for the sediment source-to-sink process from the Yellow River to the sea, as well as guideline implications for coastal engineering construction and channel dredging.

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Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in beach sediments of Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

Cited by 51 publications

References 34 publications

Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators for the heavy metals in the severely polluted Hurghada Bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt

Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators for the heavy metals in the severely polluted Hurghada Bay, Red Sea coast, Egypt

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water from Shiraz, Iran: a health risk assessment of samples

The spatio-temporal distribution and transport of suspended sediment in Laizhou Bay: Insights from hydrological and sedimentological investigations

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