Contamination by neonicotinoid insecticides and their metabolites in Sri Lankan black tea leaves and Japanese green tea leaves

Ikenaka, Yoshinori; Fujioka, Kazutoshi; Kawakami, Tomonori; Ichise, Takahiro; Bortey-Sam, Nesta; Nakayama, Shouta M.M.; Mizukawa, Hazuki; Taira, Kumiko; Takahashi, Keisuke; Kato, Kanefusa; Arizono, Koji; Ishizuka, Mayumi

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.008

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, their use near foods can result in contamination and studies are ongoing to reduce potential toxic effects [84, 85]. Although neonicotinoids are widespread in the environment and contaminate consumable items, their toxic effects are still not yet well understood [86, 87].…”

Section: Sources Of Contaminants From the Environment To Food And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem

Thompson

Darwish

2019

Journal of Toxicology

266

124

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Contamination by chemicals from the environment is a major global food safety issue, posing a serious threat to human health. These chemicals belong to many groups, including metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), radioactive elements, electronic waste, plastics, and nanoparticles. Some of these occur naturally in the environment, whilst others are produced from anthropogenic sources. They may contaminate our food—crops, livestock, and seafood—and drinking water and exert adverse effects on our health. It is important to perform assessments of the associated potential risks. Monitoring contamination levels, enactment of control measures including remediation, and consideration of sociopolitical implications are vital to provide safer food globally.

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Section: Sources Of Contaminants From the Environment To Food And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem

Thompson

Darwish

2019

Journal of Toxicology

266

124

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“…Because of the extensive use of NNIs across the world, their residues are pervasive in human food. Several studies have consistently reported varying concentrations of NNI residues in various food matrices including honey, fruits, vegetables, and even tea (Mitchell et al 2017;Ikenaka et al 2018;Lu et al 2018;Zhang et al 2018). Despite their ubiquitous occurrence in human food, however, biomonitoring reports regarding NNI exposures are highly limited across the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Exposures to Neonicotinoids in Kumasi, Ghana

Nimako

Ikenaka

Akoto

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) are now popular in many agricultural systems across Africa; however, the extent of human exposures to NNIs in African countries is scarcely reported. The present study evaluates neonicotinoid exposures in the consumer population of Kumasi, a cosmopolitan city in Ghana. A total of 75 human urine samples were collected from healthy volunteers (nonfarmers, aged 13-80 yr) and analyzed with a liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry system. Seven NNIs and 3 NNI metabolites were detected in the following pattern (frequency, median concentration, maximum concentration): N-dm-acetamiprid (94.7%, 0.41 µg/L, 8.79 µg/L) > imidacloprid (70.7%, 0.15 µg/L, 211.62 µg/L) > N-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-ethyl-N′-methylformamidine (62.2%, 0.43 µg/L, 53.85 µg/L) > 2-[N-(6-chloro-3pyridylmethyl)-N-ethylamino]-2-(methylimino)acetic acid (56.8%, 0.10 µg/L, 3.53 µg/L) > clothianidin (40%, >limit of quantification [LOQ], 0.45 µg/L) > nitenpyram (18.7%, >LOQ, 0.14 µg/L) ≈ thiamethoxam (18.7%, >LOQ, 0.21 µg/L) > dinotefuran (12.0%, >LOQ, 1.01 µg/L) > acetamiprid (2.7%, >LOQ, 0.08 µg/L) ≈ thiacloprid (2.7%, >LOQ, 0.14 µg/L). Approximately 92% of the subjects were found to be exposed to multiple neonicotinoids simultaneously. The mean, median, and maximum imidacloprid equivalent of the relative potency factor of NNIs were found to be 1.6, 0.5, and 22.52, respectively. The median estimated daily intakes of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and nitenpyram were 0.47, 1.27, and 0.02 µg/kg/d for females and 0.91, 0.66, and 0.08 µg/kg/d for males, respectively. The maximum daily intakes of all the NNIs were <1% of their chronic reference doses (cRfDs), except for imidacloprid and thiacloprid which recorded maximum daily intakes corresponding to 17.97 and 8.28% of cRfDs, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first biomonitoring report on neonicotinoid insecticides in Africa.

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“…Besides; oxidative stress and genotoxicity in specific species affects in addition to; the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity at a dose much lower than the LD 50 in mice. Previous multiple studies about IMD toxicity had been investigated [[8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%