Contamination des élevages de dinde de chair par Salmonella spp. au Maroc : prévalence, antibiorésistances et facteurs de risque associés

Abstract

The authors present a study that estimates the prevalence, sensitivity to antibiotics and distribution of Salmonella spp. serotypes in 20 broiler turkey farm buildings in the north-west of Morocco. Each farm was inspected three times for this purpose; one batch of ten pools of five droppings per farm was sampled on each visit (n = 600) for analysis. The high isolation rate observed for Salmonella spp. (35%) and the serotypes isolated were alarming. The authors found 62 Salmonella-positive isolates and identified nine serotypes: S. Kentucky (21 isolates, 33.8%), S. Parkroyal (10 isolates, 16.3%), S. Agona (7 isolates, 11.3%), S. Saintpaul (6 isolates, 9.6%), S. Typhimurium (5 isolates, 8%), S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg (4 isolates each, 6.4%), S. Newport (3 isolates, 4.8%) and S. Ruzizi (2 isolates, 3.2%). The Salmonella spp. antimicrobial resistance results showed that 93.5% (58/62) of the strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Multi-resistant strains (resistant to three or more antibiotics) accounted for 80.64% of the strains isolated. The percentage with resistance to ceftazidime (third-generation cephalosporin), ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was lower at 4.8%. Three strains of S. Agona with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase were detected, with a high level of resistance to ceftriaxone and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 µg/ml. The variables associated with contamination are linked to: the cleanout period (p = 0.037); antibiotic treatment (p = 0.001); infection of turkey poults at placement (p = 0.002); manure storage (p = 0.003); keeping sick turkeys in the turkey house (p = 0.009); the season (p = 0.001); and the age of the turkeys at the time of sampling (p = 0.01).

Comparison of the microbiological and hygienic quality of turkey meat between six districts of the Kenitra city

“…the rest of the districts had moderate prevalence but with high bacterial charges (Table . 3). However, our results were lower than those of El Allaoui et al [3] with a rate of 83% and higher than those reported by Zhao et al [17], Gupta and Gupta [18] and Iroha et al [19], which were 11.60%, 22.5% and 2%, respectively. The E. coli prevalence found in our study indicates a lack of good hygiene practices among the staff responsible for sales and in their premises [20], it could be also being due to a defect in the slaughter process [21].…”

“…This meat has just taken an important place in the Moroccan diet because of its relatively low prices compared to other animal foodstuffs, poultry products are consumed by the whole population and constitute the only recourse for the improvement of food security in the country in terms of proteins of animal origin [1]. However, the problems of the poultry sector in terms of health remain dependent on the conditions of rearing in general, and more particularly on the hygiene of buildings [3]. This not only affects the productivity of poultry workshops, but also presents a threat to the public health [3].…”

“…However, the problems of the poultry sector in terms of health remain dependent on the conditions of rearing in general, and more particularly on the hygiene of buildings [3]. This not only affects the productivity of poultry workshops, but also presents a threat to the public health [3]. Thus, food safety has become a major issue to the public authorities, consumers and professionals of the related products intended for human consumption.…”

Antibiorésistance des souches de <em>Salmonella gallinarum</em> isolées en aviculture moderne en zones périurbaines au Mali

“…Les poussins sont en général importés, même si des embryons d'unités industrielles de production locale de poussins d'un jour commencent à émerger. Bien que les fournisseurs de poussins mettent à la disposition des aviculteurs des plans de prophylaxie, les volailles continuent d'être lourdement impactées par les pathologies, notamment les salmonelloses (Arbelot., 1997 ;Arbelot et al, 1997) qui constituent une préoccupation dans les élevages avicoles africains (Allaoui et al, 2017 ;Elared et al, 2001 ;Arbelot, 1997 ;Arbelot et al, 1997 ;Kounta, 1992 ;Kounta, 1993). Ainsi, des salmonelles ont été isolées en culture dans plusieurs pays d'Afrique subsaharienne aussi bien à partir d'élevage que sur des abats ou sur les carcasses de volailles (Combari, 2014 ;Toko, 2010 ;Coulibaly et al, 2005).…”

Challenges of Phage Therapy as a Strategic Tool for the Control of Salmonella Kentucky and Repertoire of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Africa

“…Its molecular characterization further shows a chromosomal genomic island carrying resistance genes that confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, carbapenems, quinolones, aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and to Azithromycin. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) resistance has also been associated with S. Kentucky ST198 [57][58][59][60]. Genetic basis for this resistance showed an extendedspectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) [61].…”