Contamination of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in human urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) samples and their effects on uEVs study

Noonin, Chadanat; Peerapen, Paleerath; Thongboonkerd, Visith

doi:10.1002/jex2.69

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…One of such differential compositions was TGF-β1 level, which increased only in the COM-treated proximal tubular cell secretome, not in the COM-treated distal tubular cell secretome. This data was consistent with a recent report showing differential degrees of TGF-β1 secretion by HK-2 and MDCK cells treated with urinary exosomes contaminated by bacterial extracellular vesicles [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation

2023

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Background Kidney stone disease (KSD) is commonly accompanied with renal fibrosis, characterized by accumulation and reorganization of extracellular matrix (ECM). During fibrogenesis, resident renal fibroblasts are activated to become myofibroblasts that actively produce ECM. However, such fibroblast–myofibroblast differentiation in KSD remained unclear. Our present study thus examined effects of secreted products (secretome) derived from proximal (HK-2) vs. distal (MDCK) renal tubular cells exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals on activation of renal fibroblasts (BHK-21). Methods HK-2 and MDCK cells were treated with 100 µg/ml COM crystals under serum-free condition for 16 h. In parallel, the cells maintained in serum-free medium without COM treatment served as the control. Secretome derived from culture supernatant of each sample was mixed (1:1) with fresh serum-free medium and then used for BHK-21 culture for another 24 h. Results Analyses revealed that COM-treated-HK-2 secretome significantly induced proliferation, caused morphological changes, increased spindle index, and upregulated fibroblast-activation markers (F-actin, α-SMA and fibronectin) in BHK-21 cells. However, COM-treated-MDCK secretome had no significant effects on these BHK-21 parameters. Moreover, level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a profibrotic factor, significantly increased in the COM-treated-HK-2 secretome but not in the COM-treated-MDCK secretome. Conclusions These data indicate, for the first time, that proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells exposed to COM crystals send different messages to resident renal fibroblasts. Only the secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from the distal cells, induces renal fibroblast activation after their exposure to COM crystals. Such differential effects are partly due to TGF-β1 secretion, which is induced by COM crystals only in proximal tubular cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation

2023

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“…Urine diagnostics has limitations due to contamination with many factors and short-term stability of nucleic acids, but urine EVs and their contents retain high integrity in alternative temperature [39,[56][57][58]. Since EVs produced by the cells are membranous, the information is protected and accurate, which facilitates the application of uEVs in kidney cancer diagnosis and prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bacteria have been known as a resource of bacterial EVs and can interfere with the analysis results. Furthermore, bacterial EVs induce the cytokine secretion of renal cells [ 39 ]. This implies that the consideration about storage urine samples should be rigorously considered.…”

Section: Urinary Extracellular Vesicles (Uevs) In Kidney Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Cancer and Potential Use of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles

Le,

Munir,

Kim

et al. 2024

Oncol.Rev.

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Kidney cancer is the 14th most common cancer globally. The 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer at a localized stage is 92.9% and it declines to 17.4% in metastatic stage. Currently, the most accurate method of its diagnosis is tissue biopsy. However, the invasive and costly nature of biopsies makes it undesirable in many patients. Therefore, novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis should be explored. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are small vesicles (50–200 nm) in urine carrying nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as their cargos. These uEVs’ cargos can provide non-invasive alternative to monitor kidney health. In this review, we have summarized recent studies investigating potential use of uEVs’ cargos as biomarkers in kidney cancer for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention.

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“…The observation of the BN treatment at week 2 agrees with the result of the 16S rRNA gene copies, where no difference was found between week 2 and week 0 (Figure 2b). This may have been due to the fact that at week 2, NaN 3 acted as a preservative and thus prevented the overgrowth of any bacterial group [49,50]. At Week 24, treatment BN generally had a lower richness, diversity, and evenness compared to B, presumably because of NaN 3 activity as a selective inhibitor [51].…”

Section: Bacterial Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Biosolids-Derived Biochar on the Remediation and Ecotoxicity of Diesel-Impacted Soil

Dike,

Krohn,

Khudur

et al. 2024

Soil Systems

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of biosolids-derived biochar on the remediation of Australian soil contaminated with diesel while investigating the role of biochar in the remediation. To achieve the latter aim, sodium azide (NaN3) was added to a separate biochar treatment (BN) to alter the bacterial community structure. Biochar (B) reduced detectable hydrocarbons by 2353 mg/kg compared to the control (C) treatment at week 24. However, the BN treatment reduced the hydrocarbon concentration by 3827 and 6180 mg/kg, relative to B and C, respectively. Soil toxicity significantly decreased at week 24 compared to the start of the remediation in B, but not in the control. Biochar and control treatments generally showed a similar bacterial community structure throughout the incubation, while the bacterial community structure in BN differed significantly. Biodegradation was found to play a significant role in hydrocarbon removal, as the variation in the bacteria community coincided with differences in hydrocarbon removal between B and BN. The increased removal of hydrocarbons in the BN treatment relative to B coincided with increased and reduced relative abundances of Gordonia and JG30-KF-CM45 genera, respectively. This study showed that NaN3 led to a transient and selective inhibition of bacteria. This study makes an important contribution towards understanding the use of NaN3 in examining the role of biochar in the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil. Overall, we conclude that biochar has the potential to enhance the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil and that biodegradation is the dominant mechanism.

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Contamination of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in human urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) samples and their effects on uEVs study

Cited by 5 publications

References 78 publications

Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation

Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation

Kidney Cancer and Potential Use of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles

Impact of Biosolids-Derived Biochar on the Remediation and Ecotoxicity of Diesel-Impacted Soil

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