Contamination of chicken carcasses and the abattoir environment with<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>in Taiwan

Lin, Chih-Hsien; Adams, Peter J.; Huang, Jingfang; Sun, Yu-Fen; Lin, Jiunn-Horng; Robertson, Ian D.

doi:10.1080/00071668.2021.1927984

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Dairy products such as soft cheese have high risks of LM infection [ 28 ]. Many kinds of food have been examined for LM contamination in Taiwan [ 29 ], not to ignore the possibility of cross-contamination of foods stored in the freezer [ 30 ]. Thirteen of our patients (34.2%) had GI symptoms and only two cases were documented to be food-related (one with raw food, and one with dairy products).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of Scoring Systems in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Bacteremia of Listeria monocytogenes: A 9-Year Hospital-Based Study

Huang

Hsieh

et al. 2021

Biology

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Background: Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive bacillus which is widely distributed in nature, and can be separated from soil, water, and rotten vegetables. Immunocompetent people are less likely to suffer from LM infection or may only show gastrointestinal symptoms. However, immunocompromised elderly people, pregnant women, and newborns may develop life-threatening invasive infections. The mortality rate of LM infection is as high as 25–30%. The aim of this study is to investigate clinical scores of patients with bacteremia of LM confirmed by one or more blood cultures. We analyzed their demographics and laboratory findings in relation to their clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective study on patients with bacteremia of LM. Data were collected from the electronic clinical database of Taichung Veterans General Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020. Bacteremia of LM was confirmed by at least one blood culture. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data were collected for analysis. A variety of clinical scoring systems were used to predict the clinical outcome. Results: A total of 39 patients had confirmed bacteremia of LM. Among them, 1 neonatal patient was excluded. The remaining 38 patients were studied. They included 16 males (42.1%) and 22 females (57.9%), with a mean age of 59.9 ± 19.6 years. Their hospital stay averaged 23.3 ± 20.9 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 36.8%. Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) Score was 6.6 ± 4.0 for survivors and 12.4 ± 4.4 for non-survivors (P < 0.001). The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) was 3.9 ± 2.8 for survivors and 7.8 ± 3.1 for non-survivors (P = 0.001). Regarding the prediction of mortality risk, the AUC of ROC was 0.829 for MEDS and 0.815 for NEWS. Conclusions: MEDS and NEWS were both good predictors of the clinical outcome in LM bacteremic patients. In those with higher scores of MEDS (≥10) and NEWS (≥8), we recommended an early goal-directed therapy and appropriate antibiotic treatment as early as possible to reduce mortality. Further large-scale studies are required to gain a deeper understanding of this disease and to ensure patient safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since our data were collected retrospectively, the source of LM bacteremia was not confirmed due to missing information in the chart record on infection source. LM bacteremia is most likely to be related to cross-contamination of foods according to a previous report [ 30 ]. Further investigation of the food-borne LM infection is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Scoring Systems in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Bacteremia of Listeria monocytogenes: A 9-Year Hospital-Based Study

Huang

Hsieh

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Among the final carcasses, an average occurrence of 40% L. monocytogenes was observed, whereas in the environmental samples, it was isolated only from two samples within the clean zone. The occurrence of L. monocytogenes in the final carcasses previously ranged between 11.4 and 41.0% ( Cox et al, 1997 ; Rørvik et al, 2003 ; Sakaridis et al, 2011 ; Cufaoglu and Ayaz, 2019 ; Lin et al, 2021 ). In environmental samples of the slaughterhouse, L. monocytogenes was either not detected ( Lin et al, 2021 ) or isolated from various environments, such as cloacal swabs, hands and gloves of workers, door handles of refrigerators, containers holding chicken, workstation surfaces, and cutting boards ( Barbalho et al, 2005 ; Sakaridis et al, 2011 ; Hosseinzadeh et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the contamination sources of microbial population and characterizing Listeria monocytogenes in a chicken slaughterhouse by using culture-dependent and -independent methods

Jeong,

Song,

Kim

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Listeria monocytogenes is the etiologic agent of listeriosis, a foodborne disease that poses a threat to public health globally. Chicken meat exhibits heightened susceptibility to L. monocytogenes contamination during butchery. The persistence of this pathogen in the slaughterhouse environment enables recurring contamination of meat products. This study aimed at identifying the sources and transmission routes of L. monocytogenes contamination within an abattoir where it was consistently detected for three consecutive years (2019–2021). Furthermore, the environmental factors aiding contamination along chicken processing lines were determined by surveying the microbiome within the facility. Samples collected in 2019 to 2021 were subjected to culture-dependent analysis to assess the prevalence, serotypes, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the specimens collected in 2021 underwent culture-independent analysis via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to identify the contamination sources and characterize the entire microbial community within the slaughterhouse. L. monocytogenes was isolated only from the clean zone, where the final slaughtering stage occurs. Most strains isolated from the final carcasses showed the same genetic cluster as the isolate in the chilling water and were assigned to MLST profile ST3. Culture-independent qPCR confirmed L. monocytogenes contamination in all samples, excluding post-scalding carcasses, prewashed post-evisceration carcasses, and the bleeding areas. Consequently, qPCR enabled more comprehensive identification of L. monocytogenes contamination points than culture-dependent approaches. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated that psychro-tolerant and spoilage-related bacteria with L. monocytogenes-like attributes exhibited enhanced viability in the clean zone and immersion-chilling water. Metagenomics-based source tracking analysis further revealed that the shackles and chilling waters represent predominant sources of cross-contamination between different slaughterhouse zones, whereas the grading and packaging workstations and chilling water in the clean zone were deemed crucial sources affecting final carcass contamination. Collectively, these findings demonstrate through culture-dependent and -independent methods that L. monocytogenes spreads along the slaughter line, contaminating the slaughterhouse. Moreover, by investigating changes in microbial community and bacterial flow along the slaughter line within the facility, the sources influencing carcass contamination can be effectively traced.

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“…In contrast, the region-associated distribution of L1-SL5-ST5-CT4358 to Taichung city suggests a local source of contamination. Food sampling extended to abattoir environments and meat distribution chains will help to identify the sources of contamination, if any ( 44 ). While up to 82% (96/117) of cgMLST types in this study were exclusively seen in clinical isolates, a more extensive food sampling will also help identifying the sources of contamination, which remain unknown for most clusters observed (82%, 96/117).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes in Taiwan, 2014 to 2019

Tsai

Moura

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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Contamination of chicken carcasses and the abattoir environment withListeria monocytogenesin Taiwan

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Performance of Scoring Systems in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Bacteremia of Listeria monocytogenes: A 9-Year Hospital-Based Study

Performance of Scoring Systems in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Bacteremia of Listeria monocytogenes: A 9-Year Hospital-Based Study

Tracking the contamination sources of microbial population and characterizing Listeria monocytogenes in a chicken slaughterhouse by using culture-dependent and -independent methods

Genomic Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes in Taiwan, 2014 to 2019

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