Contamination of Metals in Tissues of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Perca fluviatilis, from Anzali Wetland, Iran

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr) in muscle, gill, liver, kidney and intestine of two freshwater fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Perca fluviatilis, in Anzali Wetland, Iran. The concentrations were different between the fish species as well as among the tissues of fish. Results showed that the metal concentrations in both fish species were in descending order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. Results also showed that the Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations in the muscle of both fish from Anzali Wetland are below levels of concern for human consumption.

Comparison of Metal Concentrations in the Organs of Two Fish Species from the Zabol Chahnimeh Reservoirs, Iran

“…Agreement can be seen with Tekin-Ozan and Kir (2008) and Norouzi et al (2012) findings who claimed muscles are not an active organ for binding metals in fish species. However, Baramaki et al (2012) findings confirms that the metal concentrations of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Perca fluviatilis, captured from Anzali wetland, were also higher in gill. Dsikowitzky et al (2013) surveyed several freshwater fish species from Awassa and Koka Rift Valley Lakes, Ethiopia, and reported that metal concentrations were generally higher in their gills compare to muscles.…”

“…According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 1983) standards, the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the muscle of C. carpio and H. molitrix from Zabol Chahnimeh reservoirs are below levels of concern for human use. Due to lack of information, the Cr ion is not usually an analytical target within routine surveillance of pollutants in fish (Storelli et al 2005;Baramaki et al 2012). The comparison of metal concentrations with other regions of the world, shows that Cd and Pb concentrations in the muscle of C. carpio and H. molitrix from the present study were higher than those in (1) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Chondrostoma nasus, and Alburnus alburnus from Zagreb, Croatia (Zrnčić et al 2013), (2) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and Megalobrama amblycephala from China (Zhuang et al, 2013), and (3) Labeo calbasu, Cirrhinus reba, and Rita rita from Chenab River, Pakistan (Waheed et al 2013).…”

“…Aquatic ecosystems contamination by metals is of worldwide concern due to their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation in the food web and the potential for human exposure (Baramaki et al 2012). Metals can be divided into two categories; essential and nonessential.…”

“…The concentration of metals can be several times higher than the fish's ambient level. Studies show that much of the variation in the level of metals in fish organs is associated with the fishes' length, weight, age (Mansouri et al 2011;Mohammadnabizadeh et al 2013;Majnoni et al 2013), sex (Norouzi et al 2012;Majnoni et al 2013), and feeding habits (Yilmaz 2005; Baramaki et al 2012;Mohammadnabizadeh et al 2013). Thus, it is believed that the level of metals in fish can be used as a good bioindicator to trace the environmental and ecological changes caused by metal contaminations in aquatic ecosystems (Vaseem and Banerjee 2013;Mansouri et al 2013).…”

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“…Cadmium content was also higher in liver than muscles of both species (tench and perch) from the southwest of the Caspian Sea (Iran) (Eslami, Sattari, Namin, & Ashrafi, 2014). Yazdi, Ebrahinpour, Mansouri, Rezaei and Babaei (2012) reported that the content of cadmium was different between the tissues of perch (intestine > liver > gills > muscles). There were significant differences between the content of Cd in organs of pike (muscle, gill, kidney, intestine and liver) from Anzali Wetland (Iran), because the cadmium content in fish decreased in the following order: liver > kidney > gills > intestine > muscles (Ebrahimpour, Pourkhabbaz, Baramaki, Babaei, & Rezaei, 2011).…”