“…intraday) variability observed at centimeter wavelengths in blazars, solving the problem of extremely high brightness tempratures and the requirement of extremely high bulk Lorentz factors (Γ > ∼ 100). Discussions on the application of the light-travel-time effect are referred to: Quirrenbach et al 1989, Qian et al 1991c, 1996a, Kraus et al 1999, 2003, Krichbaum et al 1991, 2002, Begelman et al 1994, Standke et al 1996, Marscher 1993, Marscher et al 1992, Gabuzda et al 1999, 1998, Kochanev & Gabuzda 1998, Wagner et al 1993, Witzel et al 1988.…”