“…Recession effects on population attributes have been extensively investigated in wealthy countries (Palloni & Tienda, ; Falagas, Vouloumanou, Mavros, & Karageorgopoulos, ; Luo, Florence, Quispe‐Agnoli, Ouyang, & Crosby, ; Stockdale, ), and qualitative analyses have documented impacts on population trends in many cases (e.g., Lesthaeghe & Nieder, ). A review of the impact of economic fluctuations on demographic factors suggests that increases in mortality and decreases in fertility are differently responsible for population loss in times of economic stagnation (Caldwell, ); these effects add to long‐term trends, typical of the second demographic transition.…”