Contemporary Atrium Architecture: A Sustainable Approach to the Determination of Smoke Ventilation Criteria in the Event of a Fire

Brzezińska, Maria; Brzezińska, Dorota

doi:10.3390/en15072484

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In practise, inexperienced engineers can overlook many crucial factors, leading to a project of the atrium smoke management system that will not meet the design objectives. 7,11 Actual smoke control systems are designed based on three main characteristics of the atrium:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They may not meet the standard approach and require individual, performance-based research. 7,11 Therefore, studying the law of the movement of the fire smoke plume in atria fire is essential to adequately controlling and exhaust all the produced smoke. In practise, inexperienced engineers can overlook many crucial factors, leading to a project of the atrium smoke management system that will not meet the design objectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practise, inexperienced engineers can overlook many crucial factors, leading to a project of the atrium smoke management system that will not meet the design objectives. 7,11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new approach to smoke control systems in complex atria

Brzezińska,

Brzezińska

2024

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Large occupied spaces such as the atria can have additional internal elements like balconies, stairs, or decorations. Unfortunately, detailed design rules for smoke management systems are lacking in these large contemporary spaces. A series of smoke tests and CFD simulations were conducted to address this shortfall. The project’s first step was realised with full-scale hot smoke tests in Smoke Laboratory, which allowed the observation of a significant influence of the suspended balconies on smoke mass production. CFD simulations confirmed the preliminary observations and were used to evaluate this phenomenon quantitatively. This proved that the wider the balcony, the greater the mass increase. The same fire scenarios were examined with theoretical NFPA 92 correlations dedicated to axisymmetric and balcony spill plumes. They showed that using the standard axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of the required smoke control system parameters. A proposed adapted balcony spill plume correlation can improve the smoke mase calculations. Practical application This study demonstrates that existing standards like NFPA 92 NFPA 204, or BS 7346-4. Do not cover the need for smoke control systems in complex and irregular atria solutions, which often appear in modern buildings. It has been proven that the obstructions in the atrium space significantly influence the smoke mass production. As a consequence, using the original axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of smoke control system requirements. The authors proposed a new correlation for the approach to smoke control systems parameters approach at the design process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new approach to smoke control systems in complex atria

Brzezińska,

Brzezińska

2024

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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“…Fire safety regulations in shopping malls, entertainment centers, and other public buildings are essential for ensuring the safety of the constant influx of visitors from various age groups and social backgrounds, as well as for diverse purposes such as commerce, entertainment, gastronomy, and more [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology of assessing the quality of mask filter elements for protection of people, and their vital functions in case of fire

Puzach,

Bachurin,

Romanova

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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This abstract delves into an investigation concerning the toxicity of the gaseous environment encountered in the context of fires within public structures, encompassing shopping malls and entertainment centers. These fires engender the release of a host of highly toxic gases, prominently including phosgene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide. It is noteworthy, however, that prevailing portable filtering self-rescue masks employed during the evacuation from fire-stricken areas do not offer protection against phosgene. This discrepancy is attributed, in part, to the absence of stipulated requirements for safeguarding against phosgene within the regulatory documentation governing mask specifications. In response to this, a comprehensive methodology has been devised for evaluating the protective attributes of filtering and absorbing components, concomitant with the establishment of a delineated roster of gases to serve as benchmarks for assessing reliability. The culmination of these research has resulted in the development of a novel fibrous material and a respiratory mask design, specially tailored to protect against the toxic gases encountered during fires within public structures. These innovations can improve the protective effectiveness of masks, making them better suited to protect people in such dangerous situations.

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“…In case of fire in an underground building, common problems include high internal temperature, large amount of smoke due to poor ventilation conditions, poor efficiency in evacuating occupants, and difficulty in extinguishing the fire, all of which pose great threats to human safety. High-temperature smoke is the biggest obstacle to safe evacuation, as it can restrict visibility and cause burns 1 – 3 . Therefore, great attention should be paid to mitigating the spread of smoke in underground shopping malls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on smoke control for an underground mall fire, based on smoke barrier and mechanical smoke exhaust system

Jia

Xiuyuan

Feng-xiao

2022

Sci Rep

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This study examines smoke spread in an underground mall fire under the composite smoke control mode of a smoke barrier and a mechanical smoke exhaust system. The objective is to optimize the selection of smoke containment and exhaust methods in an underground mall in Fuxin City, China. A Fire Dynamics Simulator was used for numerical simulation to investigate the effects of the sagging height and spacing of smoke barriers on smoke containment, as well as the effects of size, number, and arrangement of smoke vents in the mechanical smoke exhaust system on the effectiveness of smoke exhaust. The results indicated that a smoke barrier with a sagging height of 1 m and a spacing of 5 m was effective in preventing the spread of high-temperature smoke. When the sagging height of the smoke barrier increased to 1.2 m, the smoke barrier effect was comparable to that of a 1 m height barrier. Regarding the mechanical smoke exhaust system, the size of the opening area of the smoke vent had no significant effect on the smoke exhaust effect. The best smoke exhaust effect was achieved when the number of smoke vents was 12. Additionally, the double-row setting of smoke vents was more efficient than the single-row setting. Combining a smoke barrier and a mechanical smoke exhaust system can provide a more effective smoke control compared to either system alone. Comprehensively, considering the effectiveness and economy of smoke containment and exhaust, the optimal combination of smoke containment and exhaust was determined to be a smoke barrier with a sagging height of 1 m and spacing of 5 m, and a mechanical smoke exhaust system with 12 smoke vents in a double-row arrangement.

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Contemporary Atrium Architecture: A Sustainable Approach to the Determination of Smoke Ventilation Criteria in the Event of a Fire

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

A new approach to smoke control systems in complex atria

A new approach to smoke control systems in complex atria

Methodology of assessing the quality of mask filter elements for protection of people, and their vital functions in case of fire

Research on smoke control for an underground mall fire, based on smoke barrier and mechanical smoke exhaust system

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