Contemporary Epidemiology of Renal Cell Cancer

Chow, Wong Ho; Devesa, Susan S.

doi:10.1097/ppo.0b013e3181867628

Cited by 249 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 200 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…Several genetic syndromes predisposing to familial RCC have been identified. The most common of the hereditary syndromes are germline mutations in the von Hippel -Lindau (VHL) tumoursuppressor gene on chromosome 3p, which is associated exclusively with the clear cell histological subtype (Czene and Hemminki, 2002;Hung et al, 2007;Chow and Devesa, 2008). In addition to RCC, individuals with this germline mutation are at an increased risk for developing tumours of the central nervous system, retina, endolymphatic sac of the inner ear, broad ligament, Family history of cancer and RCC risk by race S Karami et al adrenal glands, and pancreas (Kaelin, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1950, in the United States, there has been a 126% increase in RCC incidence (Paglino et al, 2007), with higher rates reported among African Americans (AAs) than among Caucasians (Chow and Devesa, 2008). The increasing rates of RCC over time may reflect, in part, the increasing use of imaging modalities (Paglino et al, 2007;Chow and Devesa, 2008;Patard, 2009). However, as the increase involves all tumour sizes, not just those at the local stage (Patard, 2009), imaging modalities alone do not entirely explain the increase.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Adenocarcinoma of the renal parenchyma (renal cell carcinoma (RCC)) is the most common form, accounting for more than 85% of kidney cancers (Chow and Devesa, 2008). Since 1950, in the United States, there has been a 126% increase in RCC incidence (Paglino et al, 2007), with higher rates reported among African Americans (AAs) than among Caucasians (Chow and Devesa, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Smoking, obesity, and hypertension are primary risk factors that may explain half of all RCC diagnoses in the United States (Benichou et al, 1998;Chow and Devesa, 2008). RCC risk has been examined in relation to familial history of cancer in a number of epidemiological studies (McLaughlin et al, 1984;Kreiger et al, 1993;Goldgar et al, 1994;Mellemgaard et al, 1994;Schlehofer et al, 1996;Gago-Dominguez et al, 2001;Hemminki, 2002, 2003;Gudbjartsson et al, 2002;Negri et al, 2006;Hung et al, 2007;Randi et al, 2007;Clague et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Family history of cancer and renal cell cancer risk in Caucasians and African Americans

et al. 2010

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BACKGROUND:The association between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk and family history of cancer has not been examined with an adequate number of African Americans (AAs). METHODS: In a population-based case -control study, unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the association between RCC risk and a family history of cancer among 1217 RCC cases and 1235 controls. RESULTS: Increased RCC risk was shown for subjects with at least one first-degree relative with kidney cancer (odds ratio ¼ 2.29; 95% confidence interval ¼ 1.31 -4.00). No differences in risk were observed when analyses were stratified by race. For Caucasians, excess risk was observed among those reporting a sibling with kidney cancer, whereas for AAs, increased risk occurred among subjects reporting either a sibling or parent affected with the disease. A family history of non-renal cancers, and those related to smoking or to the von Hippel -Lindau syndrome, revealed no association with RCC risk. CONCLUSION: The RCC risk associated with a family history of kidney cancer is similar among Caucasians and AAs.

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Family history of cancer and renal cell cancer risk in Caucasians and African Americans

et al. 2010

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“…At first presentation, 45% of patients will have localised disease, 25-30% will have locally advanced disease with lymph node or local organ involvement and around 25% patients have metastatic disease [2,3]. In the past, nephrectomy was offered mainly as a means of palliation to relieve the pain from local infiltration or haematuria when the conservative measures failed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoreductive Surgery in the Management of Renal Tumours: Rationale, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Khochikar

2016

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 3% of adult solid malignant tumours. Approximately 25% of the patients present with metastatic disease at presentation. In the era of immunotherapy (interferon alpha-2b and interleukin-2), studies showed significant survival benefit with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CRN) followed by interferon alpha-2b than interferon alpha 2-b alone. Introduction of targeted therapies (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors) in 2005 generated a great interest in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) as these drugs exhibited tumour shrinkage in the primary tumour as well as in the metastatic site/s. Though there is no level 1 evidence, many studies have shown the usefulness of cytoreductive nephrectomy along with targeted therapy as against to targeted therapy alone. This review is aimed at the rationale behind the cytoreductive nephrectomy in mRCC, the current evidence and what is in store for the future. A detailed search on the management of mRCC was carried out on MEDLINE, Embase, CANCERLIT and Cochrane Library databases using the key words Bcytoreductive nephrectomy^, Bimmunotherapy^and Btargeted therapy^since 1980 till 2015. Original articles, review articles, monograms, book chapters on metastatic renal cancer and textbooks on urologic oncology, oncology and urology were reviewed. Various international guidelines on this issue were also studied. An identical search was performed using the American Society of Clinical Oncology Abstract database. Trials in the progress or recently completed that were relevant to this paper were identified through clinicaltrials.gov. The latest information for new articles ahead of publication was last accessed in November 2015. CRN has remained an integral part to the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma mainly for the patients with good performance status, life expectancy of more than 12 months and in the absence of adverse prognostic factors. It had shown measurable survival benefit in the era of immunotherapy (CRN + immunotherapy vs. immunotherapy alone). In the era of targeted therapy, many studies have shown significant survival benefit with CRN + targeted therapy. However, there is no clear level 1 evidence to support this. The ongoing trials (CARMENA and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer SURTIME) would perhaps guide us in the way in which we should manage mRCC disease in the future. Maybe we may find some answers on the issues of the effectiveness of targeted therapy, the timing of CRN and sequencing these treatment arms once the results of these ongoing and future trials are through.

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