Contemporary evolution of maize landraces and their wild relatives influenced by gene flow with modern maize varieties

Rojas‐Barrera, Idalia C.; Wegier, Ana; González, José de Jesús Sánchez; Owens, Gregory L.; Rieseberg, Loren H.; Piñero, Daniel

doi:10.1073/pnas.1817664116

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Further research could explore whether introgressions from commercial hybrids into landraces have occurred and to determine the negative or positive implications for maize landrace in situ conservation. Introgressions from hybrids were previously detected in maize landraces outside and in their center of origin (Bitocchi et al 2009 , 2015 ; Rojas-Barrera et al 2019 ), and may contribute to explain differentiation mechanisms ongoing in situ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic diversity and selection signatures in maize landraces compared across 50 years of in situ and ex situ conservation

et al. 2021

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Genomics-based, longitudinal comparisons between ex situ and in situ agrobiodiversity conservation strategies can contribute to a better understanding of their underlying effects. However, landrace designations, ambiguous common names, and gaps in sampling information complicate the identification of matching ex situ and in situ seed lots. Here we report a 50-year longitudinal comparison of the genetic diversity of a set of 13 accessions from the state of Morelos, Mexico, conserved ex situ since 1967 and retrieved in situ from the same donor families in 2017. We interviewed farmer families who donated in situ landraces to understand their germplasm selection criteria. Samples were genotyped by sequencing, producing 74,739 SNPs. Comparing the two sample groups, we show that ex situ and in situ genome-wide diversity was similar. In situ samples had 3.1% fewer SNPs and lower pairwise genetic distances (Fst 0.008–0.113) than ex situ samples (Fst 0.031–0.128), but displayed the same heterozygosity. Despite genome-wide similarities across samples, we could identify several loci under selection when comparing in situ and ex situ seed lots, suggesting ongoing evolution in farmer fields. Eight loci in chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 10 showed evidence of selection in situ that could be related with farmers’ selection criteria surveyed with focus groups and interviews at the sampling site in 2017, including wider kernels and larger ear size. Our results have implications for ex situ collection resampling strategies and the in situ conservation of threatened landraces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic diversity and selection signatures in maize landraces compared across 50 years of in situ and ex situ conservation

et al. 2021

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“…Cultivation and use practices both maintain and further evolve this diversity, with exchange and gene flow among domesticated (and occasionally also with wild progenitor) forms encouraging the development of new variation, and continued cultivation and selection leading to local adaptation (Bellon, 1996;Louette et al, 1997;Jarvis and Hodgkin, 2002;Allinne et al, 2007;Mercer and Perales, 2010;Rojas-Barrera et al, 2019). These traditions embody the longest ongoing human experiences with the provision of food under environmental change, including, due to commonly being in mountainous and other areas of great ecological diversity, significant stresses, shocks, and extremes (Arce et al, 2018;Argumedo et al, 2020;FAO Alliance of Bioversity International CIAT, 2021).…”

Section: Biocultural Diversity and Needed Transformation Of The Global Food Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocultural Diversity for Food System Transformation Under Global Environmental Change

Argumedo

Song

Khoury

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Biocultural diversity is central to the nutrition, resilience, and adaptive capacity of Indigenous and traditional peoples, who collectively maintain the longest ongoing human experiences with the provision of food under environmental change. In the form of crops and livestock and associated knowledge on their cultivation and use, food-related biocultural diversity likewise underpins global food security. As food system transformation is increasingly recognized as an urgent priority, we argue that food security, sustainability, resilience, and adaptive capacity can be furthered through greater emphasis on conservation, use, and celebration of food-related biocultural diversity. We provide examples from the Parque de la Papa, Peru, a “food biocultural diversity neighborhood” which through advocacy and partnerships based around its diversity, has both enhanced local communities and contributed to food security at a much larger scale. We outline collaborative actions which we believe are important to up- and out-scale food biocultural diversity neighborhood successes. Further research and knowledge sharing are critical to better document, understand, track, and communicate the value, functions, and state of biocultural diversity in food systems. Expanded training and capacity development opportunities are important to enable the interchange of experiences and visions on food, health, sustainability and resilience, climate adaptation, equity and justice, and livelihood generation with others facing similar challenges. Finally, strengthened networking across food biocultural diversity neighborhoods is essential to their persistence and growth as they increasingly engage with local, national, and international organizations, based on shared interests and on their own terms, across five continents.

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“…This "evolutionary service" constitutes a public good offered by traditional farmers in Mexico (Bellon et al, 2018) and other regions of the world (Bedoya et al, 2017;Bracco et al, 2009;Carvalho et al, 2004;Hartings et al, 2008;Kumar et al, 2015;Qi-Lun et al, 2008) and to society in general. In Mexico, the genetic diversity of cultivated maize is also constantly broadening through the influx of genes from wild relatives like teosinte, which is tolerated or actively promoted by traditional farmers (Rojas-Barrera et al, 2019;Hufford et al, 2013;Matsuoka et al, 2002;Wilkes, 1977).…”

Section: The Genetic Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

True Cost Accounting for Food

Baker¹,

Daniels²,

Gemmill-Herren³

2021

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This book explains how True Cost Accounting is an effective tool that we can use to address the pervasive imbalance in our food system.Calls are coming from all quarters that the food system is broken and needs a radical transformation. A system that feeds many yet continues to create both extreme hunger and diet-related diseases, and one that has significant environmental impacts, is not serving the world adequately. This volume argues that True Cost Accounting in our food system can create a framework for a systemic shift. What sounds on the surface like a practice relegated to accountants is ultimately a call for a new lens on the valuation of food and a new relationship with the food that we eat, starting with the reform of a system out of balance. From the true cost of corn, and water, to incentives for soil health, the chapters economically compare conventional and regenerative, more equitable farming practices in food system structures, including taking an unflinching look at the true cost of cheap labour. Overall, this volume points towards the potential for our food system to be more human-centred than profit-centered and one that has a more respectful relationship to the planet. It sets forth a path forward based on True Cost Accounting for food. This path seeks to fix our current food metrics, in policy and in practice, by applying a holistic lens that evaluates the actual costs and benefits of different food systems, and the impacts and dependencies between natural systems, human systems, and agriculture and food systems.This volume is essential reading for professionals and policymakers involved in developing and reforming the food system, as well as students and scholars working on food policy, food systems, and sustainability.

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Contemporary evolution of maize landraces and their wild relatives influenced by gene flow with modern maize varieties

Cited by 39 publications

References 75 publications

Genetic diversity and selection signatures in maize landraces compared across 50 years of in situ and ex situ conservation

Genetic diversity and selection signatures in maize landraces compared across 50 years of in situ and ex situ conservation

Biocultural Diversity for Food System Transformation Under Global Environmental Change

True Cost Accounting for Food

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