Contemporary horizontal velocity and strain rate fields of the Pacific‐Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand

Beavan, John; Haines, John

doi:10.1029/2000jb900302

Cited by 235 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…4 [these are calculated from the full strain rate tensor field given in (9)]. The reader may consult (44) and (45) for the mathematical details of the kinematic inversion involving a built-in spline fitting algorithm. The lengths of the black lines in Fig.…”

Section: Kinematics and Maximum Shear Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crust-mantle mechanical coupling in Eastern Mediterranean and Eastern Turkey

Özeren

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Present-day crust-mantle coupling in the Eastern Mediterranean and eastern Turkey is studied using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and seismic anisotropy data. The general trend of the shear wave fast-splitting directions in NE Turkey and Lesser Caucaus align well with the geodetic velocities in an absolute plate motion frame of reference pointing to an effective coupling in this part of the region of weak surface deformation. Farther south, underneath the Bitlis Suture, however, there are significant Pn delays with E-W anisotropy axes indicating significant lateral escape. Meanwhile, the GPS reveals very little surface deformation. This mismatch possibly suggests a decoupling along the suture. In the Aegean, the shear wave anisotropy and the Pn anisotropy directions agree with the extensional component of the right-lateral shear strains except under the Crete Basin and other parts of the southern Aegean Sea. This extensional direction matches perfectly also with the southward pulling force vectors across the Hellenic trench; however, the maximum right-lateral shear directions obtained from the GPS data in the Aegean do not match either of these anisotropies. Seismic anisotropy from Rayleigh waves sampled at 15 s, corresponding to the lower crust, match the maximum right-lateral maximum shear directions from the GPS indicating decoupling between the crust and the mantle. This decoupling most likely results from the lateral variations of the gravitational potential energies and the slab-pull forces.

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Section: Kinematics and Maximum Shear Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crust-mantle mechanical coupling in Eastern Mediterranean and Eastern Turkey

Özeren

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…From geodetic observations of plate velocities, fault slip rates and the rate of seismic moment release it is possible to calculate mean strain rates near and across plate boundaries (Haines and Holt 1993;Haines et al 1998;Beavan and Haines 2001;Kreemer et al 2000, 15, 17 and 18) provide a simple measure of earthquake productivity because most rocks fail at epicentral strain levels close to 10 −4 . Although this empirical rule-of-thumb is based on the mean geodetic strain released by an earthquake (Rikitake 1976), it lies at the heart of most earthquake scaling laws; e.g.…”

Section: Strain Rates Supercities and Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic future of cities

Bilham

2009

Bull Earthquake Eng

174

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The final projected doubling in Earth's population in the next half century, requires an additional 1 billion housing units, more dwellings constructed in a single generation than at any time in Earth's history. Earth's tenfold increase in population has occurred during a time that is short compared to the return time of damaging earthquakes. In the next century, therefore, earthquakes that had little impact on villages and towns, will be shaking urban agglomerations housing upwards of 12 million people. An epicentral hit on a megacity has the potential to cause 1 million fatalities. The incorporation of earthquake resistant structures in the current global building boom, despite successes in the developed nations, has been neglected in the developing nations where historically earthquake damage has been high. The reasons for this neglect are attributed to indifference, ignorance and corrupt practices, not due to an absence of engineering competence. Never has a generation of earthquake engineers been faced with such a grave responsibility to exercise their skills, both political and technical, as now.

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“…The Australian/Pacific plate boundary through the South Island has progressively formed in the last 45 Ma, transforming an initial Eocene passive margin into the dextral strike-slip Alpine fault, with about 450 km of offset [Carter and Norris, 1976;Sutherland et al, 2000;Wellman and Willett, 1942]. Oblique convergence commenced about 7 Ma ago, and has resulted in approximately 100 km of shortening and uplift (8 -10 mm/yr) of the Southern Alps [Beavan and Haines, 2001;DeMets et al, 1990;Walcott, 1998;Wellman, 1979], (Figure 1), although revised Pacific-Australia plate rotations [Cande and Stock, 2004] suggest the average rate of convergence could be 40% smaller. A comprehensive range of geophysical measurements (South Island GeopHysical Transect -SIGHT) were undertaken in 1995/ 96 to derive a three dimensional structural model for the South Island orogen [Davey et al, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Moho beneath the Southern Alps continent‐continent collision, New Zealand, using wide‐angle reflections

Henrys

Woodward

Okaya

et al. 2004

Geophysical Research Letters

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A wide‐angle stack using all onshore‐offshore, and onshore seismic data from the SIGHT'96 experiment provides a direct three‐dimensional (3‐D) image of the Moho below the continental collision zone through the South Island of New Zealand. A bright reflector sequence (up to 4 s thick), the base of which coincides with the PmP modeled Moho, extends throughout most of the lower crust and bends downward asymmetrically beneath the Southern Alps. The crustal root reaches a maximum depth at ∼15 s (45 km), beneath the regional (−80 mGal) Bouguer gravity low and is flanked east and west by shallower Moho where the average crustal thickness is ∼20 km. The 3‐D structure of the crustal root in the central South island is moderately well resolved by the SIGHT'96 experiment.

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Contemporary horizontal velocity and strain rate fields of the Pacific‐Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand

Abstract: Abstract.We have inverted velocity solutions from nine geodetic networks distributed across New Zealand to derive present-day continuous horizontal velocity and strain rate fields at the Earth's surface throughout the country.

Cited by 235 publications

References 73 publications

Crust-mantle mechanical coupling in Eastern Mediterranean and Eastern Turkey

Crust-mantle mechanical coupling in Eastern Mediterranean and Eastern Turkey

The seismic future of cities

Mapping the Moho beneath the Southern Alps continent‐continent collision, New Zealand, using wide‐angle reflections

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