“…Thus, the recruitment and selection under the early public administrative practice were based mainly on nepotism, and there were no formal procedures in place to ensure that those who were employed in the public service were competent enough to take up appropriate positions (Lavigna and Hays 2004). Besides, some of the practices, such as nepotism, making the public sector more personal in nature and patronage, may seem bizarre in the contemporary period but were acceptable practices under the early public administration (Hopkins 1974;Hughes 2012). Furthermore, the administrative positions during the early period of administration were not usually full-time positions but were parttime positions in nature.…”