Contemporary Role of Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 in the Management of Prostate Cancer

Clinical validation of the iXip index in avoiding unnecessary prostate biopsy: Results from a prospective multicenter study involving 426 patients

“…Three recently developed tests, progensa (PCA3) [3], prostate health index (PHI, [−2]proPSA) [4], and the 4 K score [5] have been shown to improve the accuracy of tPSA and its derivatives for PCa detection, and have been proposed as complementary tools to tPSA to reduce the number of unnecessary PBs. These tests provide a risk estimation of PB-detectable PCa, but in all cases sensitivity does not reach 100% when a given cut-off value is set, implying that none of them allows the reduction of PBs number without missing real cases of PCa.…”

Serum Sarcosine and PSA Levels in Patients With Prostate Cancer in Sokoto, Nigeria.

“…Levels of free PSA (fPSA) can be detected and compared to total PSA, yielding the proportion of free PSA (%fPSA). Studies have also shown that men with the highest proportions of complexed PSA are more likely to have prostate cancer 18 and that %fPSA is lower in men with prostate cancer as compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hence these derivatives also have differential diagnosis value 19 . Thus, %fPSA showed promise in distinguishing malignant from benign prostate disease.…”

Preparation and affinity identification of glutamic acid-urea small molecule analogs in prostate cancer

“…With the development of novel technologies, novel diagnostic methods have gradually been identified. PCA3 is a novel biological marker that is detected in the urine sediment, and it is one of the most specific markers of Pca (19). Another diagnostic method is gene detection; genome-wide association studies revealed that at present >30 susceptible loci are associated with Pca in various populations around the world (19).…”

“…PCA3 is a novel biological marker that is detected in the urine sediment, and it is one of the most specific markers of Pca (19). Another diagnostic method is gene detection; genome-wide association studies revealed that at present >30 susceptible loci are associated with Pca in various populations around the world (19). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that an increase in hypermorph susceptibility genes of Pca leads to an increased risk for Pca, which meant that Pca susceptibility genes have a clear cumulative effect (20).…”