Contemporary Treatment of Microtia–Atresia

Abstract

Microtia–atresia is a congenital deformity affecting the external ear and ear canal that can present with varying degrees of severity and morbidity. Treatment occurs along a spectrum and primarily centers on improving aesthetic appearance. Many cases of microtia will not be effectively treated with conservative measures and will require some form of reconstruction. There are several options available, including porous polyethylene implants, autologous rib grafting, and autologous chondrocyte frameworks. Equally significant is the treatment of hearing loss, as many patients with microtia–atresia will have a component of conductive hearing loss. This article aims to comprehensively review contemporary treatment modalities for microtia–atresia and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and practicality of each. Treatment and reconstruction often take a multidisciplinary and multistaged approach to achieve optimal results, with ideal management determined by each patient's individualized needs.