Contemporary use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the head and neck

Seim, Nolan B.; Wright, Chadwick; Agrawal, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.05.008

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…While the exact role of SLNB for cutaneous SCC of the head and neck remains undefined, ours and other retrospective studies demonstrate the potential utility of SLNB in the surgical management of these cancers, particularly in the presence of high-risk features. 20,21…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional Experience of Treatment and Outcomes for Cutaneous Periauricular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Kovatch¹,

Smith

Birkeland³

et al. 2019

OTO Open

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ObjectivesTo report our institutional experience, management, and outcomes of cutaneous periauricular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary academic center.SubjectsPatients undergoing treatment of cutaneous periauricular SCC from 2000 to 2016.ResultsA total of 112 patients had a median follow-up of 24.5 months, a mean ± SD age of 75.7 ± 10.6 years, and a strong male predominance (93.8%). Site distribution shows 87 (77.7%) auricular, 26 (23.2%) preauricular, and 10 (8.8%) postauricular lesions. Of auricular lesions, tumors involved the tragus (n = 3, 3.4%), helix/antihelix (n = 47, 54.0%), conchal bowl (n = 31, 35.6%), external auditory canal (n = 18, 16.1%), and lobule (n = 3, 3.4%). Most patients presented at stage I (52.7%) versus stages II (28.6%), III (6.3%), and IV (12.5%). Patients were largely treated surgically with primary tumor resection ranging from wide local excision to lateral temporal bone resection (± parotidectomy and neck dissection), with 17.0% and 5.4% receiving adjuvant radiation and chemoradiation, respectively. Metastatic spread was seen to the parotid (25.9%) and neck (26.8%), with most common cervical spread to level II. Overall survival, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival at 3 years were 62%, 89%, and 56%, respectively. Nodal disease was associated with worse disease-specific survival (P < .001) and disease-free survival (P = .042). Pre- and postauricular sites were associated with worse overall survival (P = .007) relative to auricular sites.ConclusionAmong cutaneous SCC, periauricular subsites pose treatment challenges related to surrounding anatomy and represent a unique tumor population. The reported propensity toward recurrence and patterns of metastasis may better guide treatment of aggressive tumors to include regional nodal dissection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional Experience of Treatment and Outcomes for Cutaneous Periauricular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Kovatch¹,

Smith

Birkeland³

et al. 2019

OTO Open

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“…This combination allows surgeons to find deeply located SLNs via the better tissue penetration of gamma rays and to detect clear SLN fluorescence with normal anatomy [7,8]. A novel radiopharmaceutical was recently approved by the FDA and European Medicines Agency; 99m Tc-Tilmanocept targets the CD206 mannose-binding receptors expressed on nodal reticuloendothelial cells for SLN detection [8,9]. Although these developed procedures and methods help to identify SLNs, they still cannot enable the imaging of cancer cells, per se, inside lymph nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Metastatic Cancer Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes using Affibody Probes and Possibility of a Theranostic Approach

Tsuchimochi

Yamaguchi

Hayama

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The accurate detection of lymph node metastases is essential for treatment success in early-stage malignant cancer. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the most effective procedure for detecting small or micrometastases that are undetectable by conventional imaging modalities. To demonstrate a new approach for developing a more efficient SLN biopsy procedure, we reported a two-stage imaging method combining lymphoscintigraphy and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging to depict metastatic cancer cells in SLNs in vivo. Furthermore, the theranostic potential of the combined procedure was examined by cell culture and xenograft mouse model. Anti-HER2 and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) affibody probes were used for NIR fluorescence imaging. Strong NIR fluorescence signal intensity of the anti-EGFR affibody probe was observed in SAS cells (EGFR positive). Radioactivity in the SLNs was clearly observed in the in vivo studies. High anti-EGFR affibody NIR fluorescence intensity was observed in the metastatic lymph nodes in mice. The addition of the IR700-conjugated anti-EGFR affibody to the culture medium decreased the proliferation of SAS cells. Decreased proliferation was shown in Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in xenograft tumors. Our data suggest that a two-stage combined imaging method using lymphoscintigraphy and affibody probes may offer the direct visualization of metastatic lymph nodes as an easily applied technique in SLN biopsy. Although further animal studies are required to assess the effect of treating lymphatic metastasis in this approach, our study results provide a foundation for the further development of this promising imaging and treatment strategy for earlier lymph node metastasis detection and treatment.

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“…There is current interest in developing new contrast media for sentinel lymph node mapping [17,18]. In cancer therapy, the lymph node status is a good indicator of the aggressiveness of neoplasm diseases, being the factor with the greatest prognostic importance and of fundamental consideration in treatment [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the closest node that receives lymph from the primary tumor and is the most likely place for individual cancer cells or micrometastases to be located. The presence of cancer cells in the lymph node (or nodes) is interpreted as the presence of metastasis in the patient [18]. SLN biopsy is a highly reliable method for determining the stage of the tumor, and it also helps to calculate the risk of tumor cells spreading through the lymphatic system and to plan the most appropriate treatment (radiotherapy and/or dissection).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technetium-Radiolabeled Mannose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Nanoprobes for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection

et al. 2020

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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered valuable nanomaterials for the design of radiolabeled nanoprobes for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Radiolabeled and functionalized AuNPs could improve lymphatic mapping by enhancing the radioactive signaling of individual particles in the sentinel node.In this study, an alternative method for functionalizing commercial AuNps with mannose is described. The chemical derivatization and biofunctionalization of AuNPs were performed with lipoic acid and mannose, respectively.Several levels of mannose were tested; the thiolate hydrazinonicotinamide-glycine-glycine-cysteine (HYNIC) molecule was also used for 99m Tc radiolabeling. Physicochemical characterization of this system includes U-V spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The most stable nanoprobe, in terms of the aggregation, radiolabeling efficiency, and purity, was tested in a sentinel lymph node model in a rat by microSPECT/computed tomography (CT) imaging. The SPECT images revealed that 99m Tc-radiolabeled AuNPs functionalized with mannose can track and accumulate in lymph nodes in a similar way to the commercial 99m Tc-Sulfur colloid, commonly used in clinical practice for sentinel lymph node detection. These promising results support the idea that 99m Tc-AuNPs-mannose could be used as a SPECT contrast agent for lymphatic mapping.Functionalized AuNPs are ideal contrast agents for hybrid imaging techniques, for instance, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) [3]. Radiolabeled AuNPs have been widely explored with SPECT imaging due to its high sensitivity, unlimited tissue penetration, and clinic translational capability. For example, 125 I, 111 In, 131 I, and 99m Tc radionuclides have been attached to functionalized AuNPs [4][5][6], while the dual deposition of radionuclides (e.g., 125 I and 111 In) has been used to prepare multimodal probes for SPECT bioimaging [7]. In particular, SPECT/CT mapping has demonstrated a high potential to improve preoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) localization and the reduction of false negatives compared to either CT or ultrasound scans [8,9]. The SLN denotes the first node in the lymphatic chain draining a primary tumor and provides critical diagnostic and prognostic information for patients, since it can help to identify those with signs of metastasis. In fact, there is a growing interest in the development of new and improved SPECT contrast agents for SLN detection [10].New contrast agents should improve SLN imaging by enhancing the radioactive signaling of individual particles in the tracking of the lymphatic net and/or increase the radiotracer delivery and retention in the sentinel node [10]. Functionalized nanoparticles are relevant in SLN imaging and targeting not only because these particles can be synthesized at well-defined sizes, but also because different radionuclides can be attached to their surface, which is prepared w...

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Contemporary use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the head and neck

Cited by 23 publications

References 64 publications

Institutional Experience of Treatment and Outcomes for Cutaneous Periauricular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Institutional Experience of Treatment and Outcomes for Cutaneous Periauricular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Imaging of Metastatic Cancer Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes using Affibody Probes and Possibility of a Theranostic Approach

Technetium-Radiolabeled Mannose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Nanoprobes for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection

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