Content and Process in the Experience of Self

McGuire, William J.; McGuire, Claire V.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60225-7

Cited by 215 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The majority of the participants in the first study were European American, the ethnic majority at this particular university. Group membership is likely to be less salient for majority members than for minority members, and as a result, members of majority groups may make relatively few group-based comparisons (Doise, 1988;McGuire & McGuire, 1988). The possibility that minority status might be associated with more intergroup comparisons is suggested by the fact that older respondents, a numerical minority in this particular university setting, reported more intergroup comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group membership and everyday social comparison experiences

Smith

Leach²

2004

Euro J Social Psych

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In two everyday experience studies, we examined the degree to which everyday social comparisons are framed by group membership. In the first study, 30 undergraduates attending a public university in the United States completed short questionnaires about their social comparison experiences whenever they were signalled. In the second study, 34 ethnic minority undergraduates from the same university completed similar questionnaires about their social comparison experiences. Across both studies, comparisons in which participants viewed themselves as an ingroup member in comparison to an outgroup comprised less than 10% of the comparison experiences reported by participants. However, minorities in the second study who reported closer identification with their ethnic group reported more comparison experiences in which they mentioned their own or the comparison target's ethnicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group membership and everyday social comparison experiences

Smith

Leach²

2004

Euro J Social Psych

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“…That is, self-knowledge serves to encode domains of contrast with generic knowledge about prototypic others (cf. Kelly, 1963;McGuire & McGuire, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

Egocentrism versus protocentrism: The status of self in social prediction.

Karniol¹

2003

Psychological Review

125

108

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In this article, the author discusses the limitations of the egocentric view of self in which self serves as an automatic filter, inhibiting access to alternative representations of others' thoughts and feelings. The author then outlines a protocentric model, the self-as-distinct (SAD) model, in which generic representations of prototypic others serve as the default; representations of self, specific others, or categories encode only distinctiveness from generic knowledge about prototypic others. Thus, self-knowledge is distributed both in generic representations in which self and prototypic others are undifferentiated and in a self-representation that encodes distinctiveness. The self-representation does not serve to make predictions about others because it encodes how self differs from the generic representation of others. Predictions that are the same about self and others are protocentric, based on generic knowledge that serves as the default. The SAD model parsimoniously accounts for many inconsistent findings across various domains in social cognition.Answering questions about other people's covert psychological processes, their likely thoughts and feelings, seems difficult for at least two reasons. First, people do not have direct access to other people's ongoing or likely future psychological experiences. Second, there is no one-to-one correspondence between events and other people's reactions to these events; people do not always react the same way to a given event, and the same psychological reaction can be elicited in many different ways. Despite these apparently insurmountable challenges, adults, and even young children, have little trouble answering questions about other people's likely future reactions and psychological experiences. In contrast to the apparent ease with which lay people make such predictions about others, theoreticians and researchers have invested much effort to resolve the question of how such predictions are made. The major issue of contention and the focus of this article is the status of self in making predictions about other people's thoughts and feelings.One approach to the question of how people make predictions about other people's psychological experiences holds that individuals develop a theory of mind (Flavell,

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“…This approach reflects a trend in social-science research to "situate" individual experiences, decisions and behaviors within salient dimensions of the context in which they occur (Coleman et al, 2010(Coleman et al, , 2013Deutsch, 1982Deutsch, , 1983Jost and Kruglanski, 2002;McGuire and McGuire, 1988;Wish et al, 1976). The researchers began by conducting an extensive review of empirical studies on the antecedents of different mediation behaviors and outcomes published between 1993-2012.…”

Section: The Fundamental Dimensions Of Mediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive mediation: an evidence-based contingency approach to mediating conflict

Coleman

Kugler

Chatman

2017

IJCMA

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.*Related content and download information correct at time of download. Purpose -Although mediation has increased considerably in popularity and usage, it lacks a coherent framework and evidence base to illuminate the conditions under which different types of mediation strategies are most effective. This has resulted in a wide array of strategies and tactics being offered to mediators, with little sense of which may work best under different conditions. This paper aims to further develop a contingency model of adaptive mediation.Design/methodology/approach -The current paper extends previous research on adaptive mediation by presenting findings from focus group and survey research with experienced mediators that help to further develop and specify a new adaptive model of mediation.Findings -The findings support the utility of a contingency model of adaptive mediation based on the four fundamental dimensions of mediation situations (conflict intensity, situational constraints, cooperative vs competitive disputant relationships and overt vs covert issues and processes) for better understanding and predicting changes in mediator strategies independent of mediator style preferences.Research limitations/implications -The present studies reflect the behavioral tactics experienced mediators recommend when facing the four distinct challenges to mediation. Research has yet to determine whether the sets of tactics recommended would actually be more successfully used in mediations presenting the four challenges. Subsequent research should assess the relative effects of the use of the different behavioral strategies under these conditions. Originality/value -The program of research described and extended in this paper is an attempt to develop an integrative model of adaptive mediation, which can ultimately enhance the critical link between mediation research on the one hand and mediation practice on the other.Keywords Conflict, Adaptation, Mediation, Conflict management Paper type Research paperMediation is an increasingly popular process of third-party dispute resolution, informed by ancient community problem-solving practices from around the globe and used today in domains as diverse as elementar...

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Content and Process in the Experience of Self

Cited by 215 publications

References 27 publications

Group membership and everyday social comparison experiences

Group membership and everyday social comparison experiences

Egocentrism versus protocentrism: The status of self in social prediction.

Adaptive mediation: an evidence-based contingency approach to mediating conflict

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