Content of available forms of some micronutrients in soil after long-term differentiated fertilization

Abstract

The objective of this study has been to follow modifications in the content of Cu, Zn and Mn in the topmost layer of soil which had been fertilized for many years with farmyard manure and mineral fertilizers or with mineral fertilizers alone. Soil samples were collected in 2002-2005 from a trial established in 1986 on proper brown podsolic soil, according to the random block design with four replication. The first factor consisted of organic fertilization (manure applied every two years or without manure). The second factor involved different rates of mineral fertilization. Rates of nutrients in the mineral fertilizers were identical in both experimental series-with or without manure. In each year, the same crop was grown on both fields, in a crop rotation system: sugar beet (2002), spring barley (2003), maize (2004) and spring wheat (2005). Plant available forms of nutrients were extracted from soil in 1 mol HCl dm-3 solution. After extraction, the content of metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results underwent statistical processing using analysis of variance for a two-factor experiment. The content of available forms of copper, zinc and manganese in soil regularly amended with manure was evidently higher than analogous concentrations determined in soil receiving only mineral fertilization since 1986. Manure most strongly improved the concentration of Cu (nearly 1.7-fold), while producing the weakest influence on manganese (over 1.3-fold more). In absolute values, however, the increase in availability of manganese was the highest, reaching on average 52 mg kg-1 of soil. Differentiated mineral fertilization with nitrogen or potassium as well as manganese and liming to a lesser extent than manure modified the availability of Cu, Zn and Mn in soil. Among these nutrients, nitrogen most often increased the content of plant assimilable forms of metals in soil, which may have been caused by its acidifying influence.

Soil micronutrient availability to crops affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applications

“…In the case of zinc observed in this study, liming resulted in a decrease of its content, while FYM applications significantly increased the content of this element in soil in relation to the control object. Similar relationships were observed by Sienkiewicz et al (2009). The contents of available boron and molybdenum forms in soil were the lowest in the treatment with exclusive mineral fertilization and they increased both at liming treatments and FYM applications (Table 2).…”

“…Fertilization with nitrogen as ammonium form results in soil acidification through nitrification of this ion. Together with increasing soil acidification, an increase is observed of the content of available Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn both in soil and the soil solution (Li et al 2007, Rutkowska et al 2009, Sienkiewicz et al 2009). …”

Antibiotic resistance gene abundances associated with antibiotics and heavy metals in animal manures and agricultural soils adjacent to feedlots in Shanghai; China

“…In the research of Ogiyama et al, the reported concentration of Zn and Cu in an manure-amended arable field ranged from 72 to 170, and 18 to 109 mg kg −1 , respectively [38]. Similar findings were also showed in other published literatures [17,18]. These results indicate the common presence of heavy metal contamination in manure and manure-amended soil environments.…”

“…Mining, processing, and smelting have contaminated soil and water resources throughout the world [13][14][15][16]; the usage of pesticides and mineral elements for animal growth has led to an even wider range of non-point source contamination of heavy metals [17,18]. Unlike antibiotics, metals are not subject to degradation and can represent a long-term selection pressure.…”

Site-specific evaluation of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn availability in arable soils

“…The fact that about half of the world's population suffers from micronutrient shortage makes plant nutrition research indispensable (Cakmak, 2002;Alloway, 2008). Factors influencing the accumulation of micronutrients in plants are related to their concentrations in the soils which control their phytoavailability (Sienkiewicz et al, 2009;Tunçay et al, 2013). Intensive cropping often leads to nutrients' imbalance in soils and may affect nutritional status of plants (Kabata-Pendias, 2001).…”