Contentious Politics and Bottom-Up Mobilization in Revolutionary Egypt: the Case of Egyptian Football Supporters in Cairo

From football stadium to revolution and war frontlines: Ukrainian ultras and the conversion of their capital

“…Concerning the latter point, that is, the contribution of fans to the transformation of the political system, this article aims to place the analysis of ultras in the broader framework of the participation of fans in social and political mobilisation, as could be observed in Egypt, where football fans took part in the revolutionary events of 2011 leading to the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak (Gibril, 2015), and in Turkey, where ultras took part in the demonstrations in Istanbul in 2013 that succeeded in suspending an urban planning project supported by the government (Dağhan, 2015).…”

Shifting spaces of contention

“…Ultras in Egypt have always had a difficult and "dysfunctional" relationship with the security forces. Many of them, as well as an abundant portion of the protesters, believe the Port Said clashes to be a way for the security forces -and by extension, the government -to take revenge for the supporters' participation in the uprisings (Gibril 2015). 35 More than just a "football riot", Port Said represents a breaking point in two ways.…”

Football fandom as a Subject-Matter of Social Sciences

“…Чаще всего обе формы сосуществуют в одной и той же стране (например, во Франции) [Bodin, Robene, Heas, 2007;Hourcade, 2003]. Иногда одна из моделей занимает господствующее положение (ультрас в Египте) [Gibril, 2015]. Случается, что две этих формы накладываются друг на друга: группы болельщиков одновременно обеспечивают как поддержку команды на стадионе, так и тылы своих боевых товарищей (Восточная Европа) [Kossakowski, 2017].…”