Contesting Sectarian Identity in Pakistan: Narratives from the Three Cities

Bakhsh, Rahim; Khan, Sarfraz; Haider, Syed Imran

doi:10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).07

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Also, Lynch (2013) has the same view that the increase of sectarianism in the Middle East is the outcome of identity politics, in which politicians take advantage of sectarian differences for "cynical purposes". Similarly, prior studies also evidenced that the intolerance and hatred attitude of religious institutions and leaders against each other's sects significantly upsurged sectarianism (Bakhsh et al, 2020;Grare, 2007;Naaz, 2019).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Affiliation with different sects often contributed to sectarian-based violence, for example, a recent study argued that the incident of sectarian violence and attack on religious places along with sectarian minorities has surged in Pakistan. Nearly about 3059 incidents of sectarian violence have occurred since 1989 in which more than 5000 people were killed (Bakhsh et al, 2020). Due to this uncertain situation, the state has failed to maintain a law-and-order situation, especially in the sectarian-based areas of Pakistan.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

Ali¹,

Zubair

Ullah

et al. 2021

HSSR

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Problem and aim of the study: This study is set out to investigate the impact of misinterpretation of religious education on sectarian violence in District Hangu. Research methods: Primary data regarding religious education and its role in sectarian violence was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample size of 279 respondents from three selected villages of District Hangu was randomly selected through the proportional allocation method. The level of significant relationship of the study variables was determined through the Chi-Square test at the Bivariate level analysis. At the multivariate level analysis sect and education were used as controlled variables. Results: Results show that religious education has a significant role in generating sectarian violence as the observed value of 27.617 as strongly significant at a 1% level of significance. Moreover, the findings of the study revealed the relationship between madrasas’ education and sectarian violence as significant ( ≤ 0.05) for both groups i.e., literate, and illiterate. Application of the study: This empirical work is useful in policy planning for the institutionalism of religion. Notwithstanding, a policy for formal registration of all religious madrassas is the need of the day. The present study highlights that extremist literature should be banned in madrassas and there should be a proper syllabus for these institutions. The uniformity of religious education including modern education in their syllabus might be beneficial in this regard. Further, it is needed to focus on the development of underdeveloped areas of Pakistan and encourage cross religion and sects’ dialogue. Originality and Novelty of the study: In Pakistan, the phenomena of sectarian violence have received limited attention in the literature. The existing empirical work in this area is primarily concerned with the political and social aspects of sectarian violence. Thus, the present study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by empirically exploring the issue of sectarian violence from a religious perspective. In this study, a novel method has been applied to determine the impact of religious education on sectarian violence by controlling the background variables of sect and education of the study participants. Such an application of the novel method is believed to enhance the validity of this study and vividly expose the role of sects in the sectarian violence in the research site.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

Ali¹,

Zubair

Ullah

et al. 2021

HSSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mainly foreign forces are involved to vent the feelings of hatred among the different religious groups (Khan, 2005 (Abbas, & Syed, 2021). Nearly about 3059 incidents of sectarian violence have occurred since 1989 in which more than 5000 people were killed (Bakhsh et al, 2020). Smith (2014), stated that the Islamic revolution in Iran, and the Afghan war are some of the contributing factors in the emergence of sectarian violence.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can the Surge of Sectarian Intolerance in Pakistan Be Tackled? Bridging the Widening Divide

Mehfooz

Parveen

2021

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Problem and aim of the study: This article deals with the causes of the scary rise of sectarian Intolerance, violence, and prejudices in Pakistan. This article also investigates that how sectarian intolerance causes violence in society and what strategies should imply to curtail sectarianism from society? Research methods: The research is qualitative, and applies the inductive and deductive methodology to the collected data. The data has been derived from the South Asian Terrorism Portal and to analyze the authenticity the author has collected the shared information from published articles, researches, and government official website that provide the statistics about violence and terrorism. Main findings: The study concludes by arguing the dire need for the promulgation and dissemination of inclusive thoughts for attaining a tolerant society free from sectarian intolerance because the implications of sectarian violence are a great threat to the peace process in the country. Application of the study: This study has significant implications from both a theoretical and a realistic perspective. The present study would be useful for policy-makers, to curtail the sectarianism in State. Therefore, the banning of sectarian speeches, sectarian literature, has been strongly suggested. The government should place a moratorium on the printing of sectarian literature for sectarian unity. The study also has tried to make realize to the state actors, including security forces and intelligence agencies, to avoid blame foreign involvement in sectarian polarization and why they ignore the fault lines destabilizing Pakistan's social fabric since Pakistan's inception. Therefore, the study would doubtlessly help decrease unpleasant incidents and reduce religious fanaticism. Originality and novelty of the study: This is the fact that in the existing literature the least attention has been given to sectarianism in Pakistan. The present study aims to deals with the social, religious, and political aspects of sectarian violence. Therefore, this is the first study that has investigated sectarian violence by exploring the issue of sectarianism from a social, religious, and political perspective.

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Contesting Sectarian Identity in Pakistan: Narratives from the Three Cities

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

Living With Terror Not Living in Terror: Religious Factors Affecting Peace in Pakistani Areas of Sectarian Violence

How Can the Surge of Sectarian Intolerance in Pakistan Be Tackled? Bridging the Widening Divide

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