“…2 Furthermore, in 2015, there were 25 regions within the European Union where over one fifth of the workforce commuted to work. 3 These European Commission statistics provide strong evidence in support of the fact that industrialisation and overpopulation have pushed urban infrastructures to and beyond capacity [1], stemming severe problems around traffic safety, road maintenance and development costs as well as air and noise pollution, to name only a few. The smart cities vision [2,3,4,5,6,7] offers a potential solution to all these issues, in the form of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) [8,9,10,11,12,13].…”