Contextual Factors and Disclosure of Sexual Assault Among Sexual and Gender Minority College Students

Grocott, Lauren R.; Katz, Benjamin W.; Muñoz, Emily A.; Edwards, Katie M.; Shorey, Ryan C.

doi:10.1007/s10896-022-00438-x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although the CADRI assessed IPV perpetration across several unique forms (e.g., relational aggression), we used only the verbal/emotional, physical, and sexual perpetration subscales to measure psychological, physical, and sexual IPV perpetration, respectively. Consistent with prior studies (e.g., Cunningham et al, 2013; Grocott et al, 2023), we modified the CADRI response choices to match the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus et al, 1996) by summing the midpoints, when needed, of each response category that participants selected (e.g., we coded answer choices “3–5 times in the past 12 months” as 4 and “more than 20 times in the past 12 months” as 25). Higher scores indicated greater IPV perpetration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Young Adults: Associations With Alcohol Use, PTSD Symptoms, Internalized Homophobia, and Heterosexist Discrimination

Basting,

Medenblik,

Garner

et al. 2023

J Interpers Violence

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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other sexual minority (LGBQ+) young adults report similar or higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration than their heterosexual peers. Elevated IPV risk among LGBQ+ young adults may be attributable to experiencing heterosexist discrimination and internalized homophobia. In addition, LGBQ+ people report disproportionate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration in dating relationships. Thus, this study explored which combinations of IPV risk factors (i.e., experiencing heterosexist discrimination, internalized homophobia, PTSD symptoms, alcohol use) related to forms of IPV perpetration, inclusive of psychological, physical, and sexual forms, in a sample of 342 LGBQ+ young adults. Internalized homophobia was related to psychological IPV perpetration at high and medium levels of PTSD symptoms and only high levels of alcohol use. PTSD symptoms and alcohol use interacted to predict psychological IPV perpetration; and PTSD symptoms related to increased psychological IPV perpetration at high and medium, but not low, alcohol use levels. Alcohol use was positively related to physical IPV perpetration. No other risk factors or interactions were significantly related to physical or sexual IPV perpetration. Results were consistent with prior findings that linked internalized homophobia, alcohol use, and PTSD symptoms to IPV perpetration and highlight the interacting nature of these IPV perpetration risk factors. Comprehensive IPV interventions with LGBQ+ young adults should evaluate the impact of simultaneously targeting these multiple IPV risk factors considering their interacting contributions to IPV perpetration risk. More research is needed to examine the temporal relations between minority stress, PTSD symptoms, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Young Adults: Associations With Alcohol Use, PTSD Symptoms, Internalized Homophobia, and Heterosexist Discrimination

Basting,

Medenblik,

Garner

et al. 2023

J Interpers Violence

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“…No participant reported violence due to participation in the study. Research suggests that the assessment of intimate partner violence is not emotionally disturbing (Grocott et al., 2023) and generally leads to reductions in violence over time (Gortner et al., 1997), even in studies without any intervention.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The proactive–reactive classification of intimate partner violence offenders: A multi‐method approach to classification

Babcock

Kini²,

Pathak

2023

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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Background Men who commit violence against an intimate partner differ in their motives. Classifying the proactivity of men's partner violence may reveal important differences that could be treatment targets. Aims To examine the differences between proactive and reactive partner violence based on coded descriptions of past violent events. Method Community cohabiting couples reporting intimate partner violence were recruited via advertisements. Men and women were independently interviewed about past male‐to‐female violent events. The narratives of a male perpetrator and a female victim were coded using a Proactive–Reactive coding system, yielding three categories of violence: reactive, mixed proactive/reactive and proactive. The three categories were compared for differences in personality disorder features, attachment, psychophysiological reactivity during a conflict discussion task, and a self‐ and partner report of men's proactive and reactive aggressive tendencies. Results The results revealed a 54% classification agreement between perpetrator and victim reports. No differences were found on personality or attachment measures between the groups regardless of gender of the reporter. Reactive violence was related to a tendency to self‐report more reactive aggression and higher heart rate reactivity during a laboratory conflict discussion compared to the group reporting both proactive and reactive violent incidents. Conclusion This study suggests that a coding system for intimate partner violence can be applied to community volunteers, and it is a reliable report and valid. However, there are discrepancies when the coding is based on the perpetrator or victim reports.

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“…Relatively few individuals report disclosing to formal resources such as campus resources or law enforcement (Edwards et al, 2022a). Research indicates that this pattern may be more extreme among SGM survivors of SV, with SGM survivors disclosing to informal resources at higher rates and formal resources at lower rates than their cisgender/heterosexual counterparts (Edwards et al, 2022a; Grocott et al, 2022). Potential explanations could be that SGM individuals may have strong kinship-like relationships with other SGM individuals (Hailey et al, 2020), be more distrustful of formal resources and entities that have historically enacted harm on their communities, or fear that their sexual identity could be disclosed without their permission (Edwards et al, 2022a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes more negative social reactions (Lorenz & Ullman, 2016), as well as unique alcohol-specific social reactions (Kamke et al, 2022; Koon-Magnin & Schulze, 2019; Relyea & Ullman, 2015). This is important to note because a high number of sexual assaults involve alcohol (Grocott et al, 2022). Furthermore, rates of alcohol use among SGM are heightened compared to cisgender/heterosexual individuals (Parent et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Violence Experienced by Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Comparisons of Sexual and Gender Minority Recipients Versus Cisgender/Heterosexual Recipients

Temple,

Bowling,

Mennicke

et al. 2023

J Interpers Violence

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Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at an increased risk of experiencing sexual violence (SV). Social reactions received upon disclosure of SV impact survivors’ mental health, and this may be more extreme when social reactions are provided by other SGM individuals. The purpose of the current study was to understand the SV disclosure experiences of SGM young adults, including the identity of disclosure recipients and the quality of the social reactions received by SGM and cisgender/heterosexual disclosure recipients. Additionally, the current study sought to examine how the SGM identity of the disclosure recipient and the quality of the social reactions received were associated with mental health outcomes (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and alcohol use) among SGM SV survivors. SGM-identifying participants ( N = 110) completed a 10-min survey on Qualtrics that was distributed through Prime Panels. Results revealed that 83% of participants (SGM survivors of SV) disclosed their SV experience to other SGM individuals. SGM disclosure recipients provided more positive social reactions and fewer negative social reactions than cisgender/heterosexual disclosure recipients. Regression models indicated that positive social reactions from cisgender/heterosexual recipients were associated with a decrease in depression scores. Negative social reactions from SGM recipients were associated with an increase in depression scores. Unexpectedly, positive social reactions from SGM recipients, while negative social reactions from cisgender/heterosexual recipients, were associated with an increase in PTSD scores. No associations were found between social reactions and alcohol use. Findings highlight the importance of social reactions and disclosure experiences on SGM survivors’ mental health and mitigation opportunities to improve these disclosure experiences.

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Contextual Factors and Disclosure of Sexual Assault Among Sexual and Gender Minority College Students

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Young Adults: Associations With Alcohol Use, PTSD Symptoms, Internalized Homophobia, and Heterosexist Discrimination

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Young Adults: Associations With Alcohol Use, PTSD Symptoms, Internalized Homophobia, and Heterosexist Discrimination

The proactive–reactive classification of intimate partner violence offenders: A multi‐method approach to classification

Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Violence Experienced by Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Comparisons of Sexual and Gender Minority Recipients Versus Cisgender/Heterosexual Recipients

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