Contextual influences and athlete attitudes to drugs in sport

Smith, Aaron C. T.; Stewart, Bob; Oliver-Bennetts, Sunny; McDonald, Sharyn; Ingerson, Lynley; Anderson, Alistair R.; Dickson, Geoff; Emery, Paul; Graetz, Fiona

doi:10.1016/j.smr.2010.01.008

Cited by 76 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the only other academic study to feature athletes who have committed anti-doping rule violations, Smith et al (2010) interviewed 11 athletes using a narrative framework where the participants discussed their own histories in the context of the social and cultural events that may have influenced the decision to dope (Smith et al acknowledge that such a process may generate reflections that are socially constructed rather than objective truths). The study found that doping practices (which are intentional, rather than accidental) were influenced by a variety of factors, with sporting culture being particularly important.…”

Section: Final Frontier:mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A semi-structured interview guide based on previous research (Kirby et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2010) was designed for the study. Topics included:…”

Section: Interview Guidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…by targeting those who have actually committed the violations ('the final frontier') and builds on earlier studies that have featured doping athletes (Kirby et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2010).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations

Engelberg

Moston

Skinner

2015

Sport Management Review

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Although the use of banned drugs in sport is not a new phenomenon, little is known about the experiences and perceptions of athletes who have committed anti-doping rule violations. This study qualitatively explored the experiences of 18 athletes (from the sports of bodybuilding, powerlifting, cricket, sprint kayak, rugby league, and swimming) who had committed antidoping violations. Themes explored included motivations for initiating and maintaining doping, the psychology of doping, deterrents to doping, and views on current anti-doping policy. In most cases doping had started early in their careers. The perceived culture of the sport was considered central to the ' normalization' of doping, particularly in bodybuilding.When explaining their decision to dope, athletes engaged in processes or moral disengagement (including advantageous comparison, minimizing consequences and diffusion of responsibility). Ironically, moral arguments were perceived as the most effective deterrents to doping. Findings are discussed in relation to the difficulties in establishing credible deterrents and suggestions for the future development of anti-doping policy.Final frontier: 2

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Section: Final Frontier:mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A semi-structured interview guide based on previous research (Kirby et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2010) was designed for the study. Topics included:…”

Section: Interview Guidementioning

confidence: 99%

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The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations

Engelberg

Moston

Skinner

2015

Sport Management Review

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“…Qualitative research by Smith, et al (2010) illuminated the potential power of coaches when they found that elite sportspeople not only viewed coaches as inspirational and knowledgeable, but also identified them as being 'obeyed without question' 4 (p. 188). Therefore, it is not surprising that coaches have been found to play a facilitative role in a number of doping incidents (e.g., Ungerleider, 2001).…”

Section: 1the Importance Of Educating Coaches In Relation To Anti-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-doping education for coaches: Qualitative insights from national and international sporting and anti-doping organisations

Patterson

Backhouse

Duffy

2016

Sport Management Review

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Within anti-doping efforts, an emphasis has been placed on the importance of providing education programmes to key stakeholder groups, including coaches. Yet, very little is known about current coach education provision in the anti-doping domain across countries and sports. Therefore, this study aimed to: 1) establish the current status of antidoping education for coaches; 2) gain an understanding of the system through which antidoping education is provided to coaches; and, 3) explore the opportunities for future education provision. This was done through semi-structured interviews with thirteen individuals responsible for managing anti-doping education within national and international sporting and anti-doping organisations. Most stakeholders acknowledged the importance of providing education programmes for coaches; some already had provision in place and others were in the process of developing programmes. However, the current focus is on sportspeople and the degree to which sporting and anti-doping organisations are able to devise, implement and evaluate anti-doping education programmes for coaches is hindered by the contextual constraints they face. These include a lack of resources and limited interagency coordination, as well as challenges to overcome negative perceptions of 'anti-doping' efforts. Taken together, the findings indicate that policy expectations regarding anti-doping education for coaches are not being fully operationalised, and this situation is unlikely to change without: 1) greater direction and regulation of the system through which education is provided; 2) frequent and effective communication and cooperation between Code signatories; and, 3) increased fiscal and human capital investment at every level of the sporting hierarchy.Ultimately, until anti-doping education is shown to be a key priority for decision makers within sporting organisations (i.e., chief executives and board members), it is unlikely to become a central priority for coaches.

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“…Even in ancient Greece and Rome, athletes experimented with substances such as mushrooms or bull's blood in order to increase the likelihood to win sport contests (cf. In addition to theoretical explanations for why athletes cheat, there exists experimental (Schwieren and Weichselbaumer, 2010), qualitative (Smith et al, 2010;Boodworth and McNamee, 2010) as well as non-experimental quantitative (Humphreys and Ruseski, 2011) studies seeking to explain doping prevalence and attitudes. Obviously, athletes view the use of banned performance-enhancing substances as "unnatural" and "cheating," while legal performance-enhancing substances are considered "essential" for success (Smith et al, 2010, p. 181).…”

Section: Performance Enhancing Drugs ("Doping") and Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up: The Long-Term Impact of Government Ideology and Personal Experience on Values

Ziebarth

Wagner

2013

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThis paper studies the long-term impact of societal socialization on values using the example of doping behavior in sports. We apply the German Reunification Approach to the microcosm of Berlin and exploit its 40-year long division into a capitalist and a communist sector. We deliberately chose attitudes toward doping to test the impact of ideology on values since (i) post-1989 disappointed economic hopes did not confound doping attitudes, and because of (ii) the systematic GDR state doping activities that became public in reunified Germany in the 1990s. Our findings demonstrate that even after half the time the division lasted, e.g. 20 years after the reunification, differences in convictions continue to persist. Personal extramural sports experience and age are equally strong predictors of individual attitudes and beliefs, especially in interaction with ideological socialization.

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Contextual influences and athlete attitudes to drugs in sport

Cited by 76 publications

References 56 publications

The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations

The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations

Anti-doping education for coaches: Qualitative insights from national and international sporting and anti-doping organisations

Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up: The Long-Term Impact of Government Ideology and Personal Experience on Values

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