Contextual Probability in Quantum Physics, Cognition, Psychology, Social Science, and Artificial Intelligence

Khrennikov, Andrei

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92192-7_28

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Another misleading suggestion is that normal probability rules cannot account for two-slit interference; but all that is needed is a separate probability space for each context [ 1 ] (p. 408) [ 17 ] [ 103 ] (Section 9) [ 104 ]. This is effectively an extension, rather than an interpretation, of the normal approach to conditional probability [ 105 ] (p. 120).…”

Section: Entanglement Measurement Uncertainty Two-slit and Bell-type ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are of direct relevance to philosophy [ 3 ] (Section 6) [ 176 ] (p. 395) [ 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 ], although to date their influence on philosophy has been limited [ 185 , 186 ]. Less directly, these conceptual aspects of quantum mechanics can be relevant to wider society [ 29 ] (p. 607) [ 103 ] [ 187 ] (pp. 770–778) [ 188 ].…”

Section: Conclusion Possibilities and Responsibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Mechanics: Statistical Balance Prompts Caution in Assessing Conceptual Implications

Drummond

2022

Entropy

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Throughout quantum mechanics there is statistical balance, in the collective response of an ensemble of systems to differing measurement types. Statistical balance is a core feature of quantum mechanics, underlying quantum mechanical states, and not yet explained. The concept of “statistical balance” is here explored, comparing its meaning since 2019 with its original meaning in 2001. Statistical balance now refers to a feature of contexts in which: (a) there is a prescribed probability other than 0 or 1 for the collective response of an ensemble to one measurement type; and (b) the collective response of the same ensemble to another measurement type demonstrates that no well-defined value can be attributed, for the property relevant to the original measurement type, to individual members of the ensemble. In some unexplained way, the outcomes of single runs of a measurement of the original type “balance” each other to give an overall result in line with the prescribed probability. Unexplained statistical balance prompts caution in assessing the conceptual implications of entanglement, measurement, uncertainty, and two-slit and Bell-type analyses. Physicists have a responsibility to the wider population to be conceptually precise about quantum mechanics, and to make clear that many possible conceptual implications are uncertain.

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Section: Entanglement Measurement Uncertainty Two-slit and Bell-type ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion Possibilities and Responsibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Mechanics: Statistical Balance Prompts Caution in Assessing Conceptual Implications

Drummond

2022

Entropy

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“…In quantum theory, the conditional is a projector whose action on the context makes it a state. These conceptions should, therefore, be separated at the very root and presented in a progressive manner that allows some subtleties to emerge, which are applied not only in physics but in cognition, psychology, artificial intelligence, and other sciences as well [30]. In that manner, fundamental applications act by a feedback loop onto foundations of mathematics reconsidering concepts which it is based upon [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intensional Probability Theory: Investigating the Link between Classical and Quantum Probabilities

Milovanović

Saulig

2022

Mathematics

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The link between classical and quantum theories is discussed in terms of extensional and intensional viewpoints. The paper aims to bring evidence that classical and quantum probabilities are related by intensionalization, which means that by abandoning sets from classical probability one should obtain quantum theory. Unlike the extensional concept of a set, the intensional probability is attributed to the quantum ensemble, which is contextually dependent. The contextuality offers a consistent realization of the measurement problem, which should require the existence of the time operator. The time continuum by Brouwer has satisfied such a requirement, which makes it fundamental to mathematical physics. The statistical model it provides has been proven tremendously useful in a variety of applications.

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Contextual Probability in Quantum Physics, Cognition, Psychology, Social Science, and Artificial Intelligence

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Quantum Mechanics: Statistical Balance Prompts Caution in Assessing Conceptual Implications

Quantum Mechanics: Statistical Balance Prompts Caution in Assessing Conceptual Implications

An Intensional Probability Theory: Investigating the Link between Classical and Quantum Probabilities

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