“…The document was accepted in 19/01/2019 4 The unique dataset used-338 firms operating in Canada/the US, Europe, Japan, the UK and China-allows us to compare, contrast and contextualise our findings. As suggested by several scholars (Gomes, Bustinza, Tarba, Khan, & Ahmmad, 2018;Khan, Rao-Nicholson, Tarba, 2018;Luo & Bu, 2018), the contextualisation of existing theories is important because it enables testing of the relevance of established theories in different international contexts.…”