Contiki-AMAC — The enhanced adaptive radio duty cycling protocol: Proposal and analysis

Youssef, Moataz F.; Elsayed, Khaled A.; Zahran, Ahmed H.

doi:10.1109/mownet.2016.7496628

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…ESAFRP uses Adaptive MAC (AMAC) protocol which is derived from “CogNet” Cognitive Radio protocol architecture . Existing AMAC uses variable size packets from 500B (small packet) with 100mS time slot to 1500B (large packet) with 300mS time slots.…”

Section: Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced spectrum aggregation based frequency‐band selection routing protocol for cognitive radio ad‐hoc networks

Priya¹,

Kannan²

2018

Concurrency and Computation

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Summary Providing mobility along with maximum performance in shared spectrum environment is the main objective of Cognitive Radio Systems. Adopting substantial list of parameters to a spectrum aggregation based dynamic route frequency‐band switching is important in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad‐Hoc Networks (CR‐MANET). Frequent frequency‐band switching affects the performance of the CR‐MANET. In this work geographical position (GPS) detail and spectrum source blind‐spot details are added to the band selection procedure of the Cognitive Radio system. In addition a dedicated Path Prediction Procedure is added with the band selection algorithm to avoid undesirable frequency‐band switching of a mobile CR device. Optimized frequency‐band switching reduces unwanted handovers, thus switching delay and End‐to‐End delay are reduced. Power used to switching between bands is kept in control by sustaining in stable frequency band for longer durations. The combination of GPS data and Path Prediction Procedure is designed to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters like throughput, bandwidth utilization, and Energy efficiency.

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Section: Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced spectrum aggregation based frequency‐band selection routing protocol for cognitive radio ad‐hoc networks

Priya¹,

Kannan²

2018

Concurrency and Computation

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“…Energy efficiency is a mandatory requirement in the scope of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), since these kind of networks are usually composed of battery-powered devices, whose batteries are not always easily replaceable [ 1 , 2 ]. For instance, one can mention either the lack of natural and economic resources or the harsh environments where many of such WSNs are placed as impairments for battery replacement [ 3 ]. Thus, it becomes of fundamental importance to spend efforts towards reducing the network energy consumption, extending its lifetime as much as possible [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Improving TSCH Energy Efficiency: An Analytical Approach to a Practical Implementation

Sordi

Rayel

Moritz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard defines a number of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocols for low power wireless communications, which are desirable for energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Originally defined in the IEEE 802.15.4e amendment, the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) has recently been attracting attention from the research community due to its reduced contention (time scheduling) and robustness against fading (channel hopping). However, it requires a certain level of synchronization between the nodes, which can increase the energy consumption. In this work, we implement the Guard Beacon (GB) strategy, aiming at reducing the guard time usually implemented to compensate for imperfect synchronization. Moreover, besides presenting a realistic energy consumption model for a Contiki Operating System-based TSCH network, we show through analytical and practical results that, without the proposed scheme, the power consumption can be more than 13% higher.

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“…The results showed that ContikiMAC provides better performance than X-MAC and its variants: lower latency and duty-cycle (i.e., lower energy consumption), and a higher packet delivery ratio (PDR) (i.e., fewer retransmissions). An enhanced adaptive radio D.C. version of Contiki (Contiki-AMAC) was proposed in [52]. [42] Variable, Synchronous Receiver-initiated Ultra-low Multi-hop TinyOS/Mica2 GES-MAC [56] Fixed, Synchronous Receiver-initiated Average Multi-hop Based on Mica2 RAPTS [57] Fixed, Synchronous Sender-initiated Ultra-low Multi-hop Propietary BailighPulse [58] Fixed, Synchronous Sender-initiated Ultra-low Multi-hop TinyOS/TelosB Guard beacon [59] Fixed, Synchronous Sender-initiated Low Multi-hop Contiki/T-mote sky L2 [60] Fixed, Synchronous Sender-initiated Low Multi-hop TinyOS/TelosB TAS-MAC [47] Variable, Synchronous Receiver-initiated Low Multi-hop TinyOS/TelosB RPL-BMARQ [48] Fixed, Synchronous Receiver-initiated Low Multi-hop Contiki/TelosB X-MAC [49] Fixed, Asynchronous Sender-initiated Low Multi-hop Contiki/Zolertia Z1 CONTIKI-MAC [50] Variable, Asynchronous Sender-initiated Very-Low Multi-hop Contiki/Zolertia Z1 AS-MAC [61] Fixed, Asynchronous Sender-initiated Low Multi-hop TinyOS/MicaZ& TelosB MCAS-MAC [54] Fixed, Asynchronous Sender-initiated Low Multi-hop TinyOS/Mica2 L-MAC [46] Variable, Asynchronous Receiver-initiated Very-Low Single-hop TinyOS/TelosB DuoMAC [53] Variable, Asynchronous Sender-initiated Low Multi-hop TinyOS/MicaZ a Duty-cycle: Average (10-25%), Low (1-10%), Very low (0.1-1%), Ultra-low (0.01-0.1%)…”

Section: Asynchronous DC Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for multimodal wireless sensor networks

King¹

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a widely used solution for monitoring oriented applications (e.g., water quality on watersheds, pollution monitoring in cities). These kinds of applications are characterized by the necessity of two data-reporting modes: time-driven and event-driven. The former is used mainly for continually supervising an area and the latter for event detection and tracking. By switching between both modes, a WSN can improve its energy-efficiency and event reporting latency, compared to single data-reporting schemes. We refer to those WSNs, where both data-reporting modes are required simultaneously, as MultiModal Wireless Sensor Networks (M2WSNs).M2WSNs arise as a solution for the trade-off between energy savings and event reporting latency in those monitoring oriented applications where regular and emergency reporting are required simultaneously. The multimodality in these M2WSNs allows sensor nodes to perform data-reporting in two possible schemes, time-driven and event-driven, according to the circumstances, providing higher energy savings and better reporting results when compared to traditional schemes. Traditionally, sophisticated power-aware wake-up schemes have been employed to achieve energy efficiency in WSNs, such as low-duty cycling protocols using a single radio architecture. These protocols achieve good results regarding energy savings, but they suffer from idle-listening and overhearing issues, that make them not reliable for most ultra-low-power demanding applications, especially, those deployed in hostile and unattended environments. Currently, Wake-up Radio Receivers (WuRx) based protocols, under a dual-radio architecture and always-on operation, are emerging as a solution to overcome these issues, promising higher energy consumption reduction and reliability in terms of latency and packet-delivery-ratio compared to classic wake-up protocols. By combining different transceivers and reporting protocols regarding energy efficiency and reliability, multimodality in M2WSNs is achieved.This dissertation proposes a conceptual framework for M2WSNs that integrates the goodness of both data-reporting schemes and the Wake-up Radio (WuR) paradigm-data periodicity, responsiveness, and energy-efficiency-, that might be suitable for monitoring oriented applications with low bandwidth requirements, that operates under normal circumstances and emergencies. The framework follows a layered approach, where each layer aims to v fulfill specific tasks based on its information, the functions provided by its adjacent layers, and the information resulted from the cross-layer interactions. The main contributions of this dissertation are:• The concept of M2WSNs is introduced from the data-reporting perspective and a taxonomy of energy-efficient and responsive techniques for M2WSNs is proposed.• An energy consumption estimation model for M2WSNs is proposed that considers the behavior and performance of wake-up protocols based on WuRx in multi-hop communications. The model is compared to traditional lo...

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Contiki-AMAC — The enhanced adaptive radio duty cycling protocol: Proposal and analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Enhanced spectrum aggregation based frequency‐band selection routing protocol for cognitive radio ad‐hoc networks

Enhanced spectrum aggregation based frequency‐band selection routing protocol for cognitive radio ad‐hoc networks

Towards Improving TSCH Energy Efficiency: An Analytical Approach to a Practical Implementation

A framework for multimodal wireless sensor networks

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