Continent-scale phenotype mapping using citizen scientists’ photographs

Drury, Jonathan P.; Barnes, Morgan; Finneran, Ann E.; Harris, Maddie; Grether, Gregory F.

doi:10.1101/503847

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We then measured the proportion of each individual’s wing area that was melanized (following ref. 19 ; see SI Appendix for details). After measuring individuals, we downloaded the mean annual temperature for each observation’s location ( 38 ; see SI Appendix for rationale).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After measuring individuals, we downloaded the mean annual temperature for each observation’s location ( 38 ; see SI Appendix for rationale). Similar approaches have been validated for measuring spatiotemporal variation in animal coloration ( 19 , 43 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 ). Here, we measured the proportion of melanized wing area on >2,700 dragonfly observations from the community-science platform iNaturalist ( https://www.inaturalist.org ) ( 19 ). Despite some of these species being separated by >100 My of evolution, we found that their constituent populations exhibit remarkably parallel responses in their male, but not female, ornamentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-specific ornament evolution is a consistent feature of climatic adaptation across space and time in dragonflies

Moore¹,

Hersch

Sricharoen

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Adaptation to different climates fuels the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. Detailing how organisms optimize fitness for their local climates is therefore an essential goal in biology. Although we increasingly understand how survival-related traits evolve as organisms adapt to climatic conditions, it is unclear whether organisms also optimize traits that coordinate mating between the sexes. Here, we show that dragonflies consistently adapt to warmer climates across space and time by evolving less male melanin ornamentation—a mating-related trait that also absorbs solar radiation and heats individuals above ambient temperatures. Continent-wide macroevolutionary analyses reveal that species inhabiting warmer climates evolve less male ornamentation. Community-science observations across 10 species indicate that populations adapt to warmer parts of species’ ranges through microevolution of smaller male ornaments. Observations from 2005 to 2019 detail that contemporary selective pressures oppose male ornaments in warmer years; and our climate-warming projections predict further decreases by 2070. Conversely, our analyses show that female ornamentation responds idiosyncratically to temperature across space and time, indicating the sexes evolve in different ways to meet the demands of the local climate. Overall, these macro- and microevolutionary findings demonstrate that organisms predictably optimize their mating-related traits for the climate just as they do their survival-related traits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-specific ornament evolution is a consistent feature of climatic adaptation across space and time in dragonflies

Moore¹,

Hersch

Sricharoen

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A rich source of information on phenotypes is digital photographs, and digital photographic libraries are increasingly used in ecological and evolutionary studies (Drury et al. 2019; van der Bijl et al. 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological interactions shape the evolution of flower color in communities across a temperate biodiversity hotspot

et al. 2021

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Processes driving the divergence of floral traits may be integral to the extraordinary richness of flowering plants and the assembly of diverse plant communities. Several models of pollinator‐mediated floral evolution have been proposed; floral divergence may (i) be directly involved in driving speciation or may occur after speciation driven by (ii) drift or local adaptation in allopatry or (iii) negative interactions between species in sympatry. Here, we generate predictions for patterns of trait divergence and community assembly expected under these three models, and test these predictions in Hakea (Proteaceae), a diverse genus in the Southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot. We quantified functional richness for two key floral traits (pistil length and flower color), as well as phylogenetic distances between species, across ecological communities, and compared these to patterns generated from null models of community assembly. We also estimated the statistical relationship between rates of trait evolution and lineage diversification across the phylogeny. Patterns of community assembly suggest that flower color, but not floral phenology or morphology, or phylogenetic relatedness, is more divergent in communities than expected. Rates of lineage diversification and flower color evolution were negatively correlated across the phylogeny and rates of flower colour evolution were positively related to branching times. These results support a role for diversity‐dependent species interactions driving floral divergence during the Hakea radiation, contributing to the development of the extraordinary species richness of southwest Australia.

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“…Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: < https://doi. org/10.5061/dryad.cp31tg6 > (Drury et al 2019).…”

Section: Data Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continent‐scale phenotype mapping using citizen scientists’ photographs

Drury

Barnes²,

Finneran³

et al. 2019

Ecography

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Field investigations of phenotypic variation in free‐living organisms are often limited in scope owing to time and funding constraints. By collaborating with online communities of amateur naturalists, investigators can greatly increase the amount and diversity of phenotypic data in their analyses while simultaneously engaging with a public audience. Here, we present a method for quantifying phenotypes of individual organisms in citizen scientists’ photographs. We then show that our protocol for measuring wing phenotypes from photographs yields accurate measurements in two species of Calopterygid damselflies. Next, we show that, while most observations of our target species were made by members of the large and established community of amateur naturalists at http://iNaturalist.org, our efforts to increase recruitment through various outreach initiatives were successful. Finally, we present results from two case studies: 1) an analysis of wing pigmentation in male smoky rubyspots Hetaerina titia showing previously undocumented geographical variation in a seasonal polyphenism, and 2) an analysis of variation in the relative size of the wing spots of male banded demoiselles Calopteryx splendens in Great Britain questioning previously documented evidence for character displacement. Our results demonstrate that our protocol can be used to create high quality phenotypic datasets using citizen scientists’ photographs, and, when combined with metadata (e.g. date and location), can greatly broaden the scope of studies of geographical and temporal variation in phenotypes. Our analyses of the recruitment and engagement process also demonstrate that collaborating with an online community of amateur naturalists can be a powerful way to conduct hypothesis‐driven research aiming to elucidate the processes that impact trait evolution at landscape scales.

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Continent-scale phenotype mapping using citizen scientists’ photographs

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Sex-specific ornament evolution is a consistent feature of climatic adaptation across space and time in dragonflies

Sex-specific ornament evolution is a consistent feature of climatic adaptation across space and time in dragonflies

Ecological interactions shape the evolution of flower color in communities across a temperate biodiversity hotspot

Continent‐scale phenotype mapping using citizen scientists’ photographs

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