Continental-to-Marine Transition in an Ongoing Rift Setting: Barremian-Turonian Sediments of Cauvery Basin, India

Belemnites were important Mesozoic marine organisms, and Cretaceous belemnite rostra are found worldwide, including the Cauvery Basin, south-eastern India. However, in the Cauvery Basin, belemnites of the families Belemnopseidae and Dimitobelidae are found only from the Albian-Cenomanian rocks but are absent in the overlying Turonian-Maastrichtian rocks. Although Belemnopseidae became globally extinct in the Cenomanian, Dimitobelidae was still thriving in the nearby Austral regions, so it is not clear why belemnites suddenly suffered local extinction. Moreover, in the post-Cenomanian interval, the newly evolved family Belemnitellidae was thriving globally but is absent in India. To understand the causes of this local extinction as well as the causes of the complete absence in the younger rocks, an analysis of different paleoecological-paleoenvironmental conditions was carried out of all Albian to Maastrichtian formations of the Cauvery Basin against the background of the global belemnite paleobiogeography and evolutionary patterns. The study reveals, during the end Cenomanian, shallowing of the basin caused the local extinction of the shelf-living Belemnopseidae and Dimitobelidae in this basin. In the younger intervals, since India was migrating towards the equator, the stenothermal Dimitobelidae did not survive the warmer water surrounding India and only thieved in the cooler Austral water. Perhaps for the same reason, Dimitobelidae never invaded India, even during the Late Cretaceous transgression. Moreover, during its northern voyage, India was surrounded by deep ocean, acting as a physical barrier for the shelf-dwelling Belemnitellidae of the Boreal Realm to invade India.

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Absence of Belemnites in the Post-Cenomanian Marine Successions of Cauvery Basin, India: Role of Sea Level, Paleogeography, and Belemnite Paleoecology

Mondal

Hazra²,

Chakraborty³

2023

Journal of the Geological Society of India

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Palaeoenvironment and bio-events of the Cretaceous sediments of the Cauvery Basin, India

Venkatachalapthy,

Harini,

Hart

et al. 2024

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The Cauvery Basin is an important rift margin basin on the east coast of India. It's long research history began in the mid-nineteenth century with the pioneering work of H.F. Blanford. While much of the Cretaceous succession in the basin is fault-controlled, some of the recorded events represent global sea level changes, especially in the mid-Cretaceous. Macrofossils (ammonites, bivalves, etc. ) and foraminifera are abundant throughout, and there is an important occurrence of fossil wood and ‘log-grounds’ in the Turonian-Coniacian. The basin is sub-divided into a series of sub-basins (known as depressions in the earlier literature) which - in places - have their own distinctive depositional history. The results of our collective fieldwork have provided a re-assessment of the lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and the tectono-stratigraphical history of the Ariyalur outcrop. Three sedimentary units have been identified; the syn-rift Gondwana Group (of early Cretaceous age), the syn-rift Uttatur Group (of Albian to Coniacian age) and the post-rift Ariyalur Group (of Santonian to Maastrichtian age). Both microfossil and macrofaunal information have been integrated in order to construct a biostratigraphical framework for the basin and develop a tectono-stratigraphical model. Structures exposed onshore, which have occasionally been interpreted as Albian reefs, are thought to be irregularly shaped, limestone olistoliths and olistostromes produced by significant intra-Cretaceous faulting and slumping within the basin.

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Continental-to-Marine Transition in an Ongoing Rift Setting: Barremian-Turonian Sediments of Cauvery Basin, India

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

Absence of Belemnites in the Post-Cenomanian Marine Successions of Cauvery Basin, India: Role of Sea Level, Paleogeography, and Belemnite Paleoecology

Absence of Belemnites in the Post-Cenomanian Marine Successions of Cauvery Basin, India: Role of Sea Level, Paleogeography, and Belemnite Paleoecology

Palaeoenvironment and bio-events of the Cretaceous sediments of the Cauvery Basin, India

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