Contingency Management Treatments of Drug and Alcohol Use Disorders

Petry, Nancy M.; Alessi, Sheila M.; Rash, Carla J.

doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262015509.003.0009

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…CM has been applied and evaluated in relation to all the major substance addictions – cocaine, methamphetamine, opioids, alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine (see Petry, Alessi, & Rash, 2011 , p. 233) and is also being applied to problem gambling ( Petry, 2010a ). At least three independent meta-analyses have found CM to be efficacious in bringing about drug abstinence ( Benishek et al, 2014 , Lussier et al, 2006 , Prendergast et al, 2006 ) and CM was one of only two psychosocial treatments recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2007) in the UK for the treatment of problems related to illicit drug use.…”

Section: Evidence Causing Difficulties For Compulsion In Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been various criticisms of CM over the years based on ethical, health economic or other practical considerations (see Petry, 2010b ). It has also been alleged that the beneficial effects of CM disappear when the provision of reinforcers comes to an end, though there is some evidence of longer-term effects beyond the termination of contingencies (see Petry et al, 2011 , p. 235). These objections may have restricted the practical implementation of CM in treatment services across the world ( Petry, 2010b ) but they are not of immediate concern here.…”

Section: Evidence Causing Difficulties For Compulsion In Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the concept of compulsion useful in the explanation or description of addictive behaviour and experience?

Heather

2017

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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The concept of compulsion, in which addictive behaviour is said to be carried out against the will, is central to the disease theory of addiction and ubiquitous in modern definitions. The aims of this article are: (i) to describe various meanings of compulsion in the literature; (ii) to compare the part thought to be played by compulsion in addiction with its suggested role in obsessive-compulsive disorder; (iii) to critically examine the place of compulsion in influential neurobiological accounts of addiction; (iv) to summarise the empirical evidence bearing on the usefulness of the compulsion concept, evidence that seems at first sight incompatible with the notion of compulsion. This is followed by a discussion of which possible meanings of compulsion can survive an empirical test and what role they might play in understanding addiction, paying particular attention to a distinction between strong and weak senses of compulsion. A conclusion is that addictive behaviour cannot be considered compulsive at the time it is carried out, though other possible meanings of compulsion as an explanation or description of addictive behaviour and experience are discussed. Among other conclusions, it is suggested that, although in some senses of the term it may seem arbitrary whether or not ‘compulsion’ should be retained, its use has important consequences for the public understanding of addiction, and is likely to deter people's attempts to overcome their addictions and their chances of success.

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Section: Evidence Causing Difficulties For Compulsion In Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Causing Difficulties For Compulsion In Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the concept of compulsion useful in the explanation or description of addictive behaviour and experience?

Heather

2017

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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“…Rates of use are cost‐sensitive: indeed, some addicts choose to undergo withdrawal in order to decrease tolerance, thereby reducing the cost of future use (Ainslie, ). There is increasing evidence that Contingency Management treatment improves abstinence and treatment‐compliance, compared to standard forms of treatment such as counselling and cognitive‐behavioural therapy, by offering a reward structure of alternative goods, such as modest monetary incentives and small prizes, on condition that addicts produce clean urine samples (for a review see Petry et al , ). Experimental studies show that, when offered a choice between taking drugs or receiving money then and there in the laboratory setting, addicts will frequently choose money over drugs (Hart et al , ; Hart, ).…”

Section: The Orthodox Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Denial in Addiction

Pickard

2016

Mind & Language

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I argue that denial plays a central but insufficiently recognized role in addiction. The puzzle inherent in addiction is why drug use persists despite negative consequences. The orthodox conception of addiction resolves this puzzle by appeal to compulsion; but there is increasing evidence that addicts are not compelled to use but retain choice and control over their consumption in many circumstances. Denial offers an alternative explanation: there is no puzzle as to why drug use persists despite negative consequences if these consequences are not straightforwardly known. I describe the nature of the causal knowledge that one's drug use is causing negative consequences; map the conceptual landscape of denial and explain how it can block such knowledge; and explore some of the processes and mechanisms that have been studied by philosophy and the cognitive sciences and which may underpin denial in addiction, including well‐established information‐processing biases, motivational influences on belief formation and self‐deception, and cognitive deficits with respect to insight and self‐awareness. I conclude by suggesting that addiction is as much a disorder of cognition as a disorder of conation.

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“…Rates of use are cost-sensitive: indeed, some addicts choose to undergo withdrawal in order to decrease tolerance, thereby reducing the cost of future use (Ainslie 2000). There is increasing evidence that Contingency Management treatment improves abstinence and treatment-compliance, compared to standard forms of treatment such as counselling and cognitive-behavioural therapy, by offering a reward structure of alternative goods, such as modest monetary incentives and small prizes, on condition that addicts produce clean urine samples (for a review see Petry et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How do you know you have a drug problem? The role of knowledge of negative consequences in explaining drug choice in humans and rats

Pickard¹,

Ahmed²

2016

Addiction and Choice

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Choice models of addiction raise a stark puzzle. Why, if addicts are able to control their consumption and choose to abstain in many circumstances, do they routinely choose to continue to use despite negative consequences? We delineate four options available to a choice theorist to explain this puzzle with respect to human addicts; describe recent experiments with addicted rats which determine the conditions under which they do and do not choose alternative goods over cocaine and heroin respectively; and consider how this animal research bears on our understanding of the nature of addiction. We conclude by arguing for the importance to addiction research of the popular notion of 'denial' which, paradoxically, we can begin to theorize by appeal to animal models:for the puzzle dissolves if addicts do not know that the choice to use is the cause of negative consequences, as rats, given their cognitive limitations, cannot.

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Contingency Management Treatments of Drug and Alcohol Use Disorders

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Is the concept of compulsion useful in the explanation or description of addictive behaviour and experience?

Is the concept of compulsion useful in the explanation or description of addictive behaviour and experience?

Denial in Addiction

How do you know you have a drug problem? The role of knowledge of negative consequences in explaining drug choice in humans and rats

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