Continued high caseload of rheumatic fever in western Pennsylvania: Possible rheumatogenic emm types of streptococcus pyogenes

Carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes in Primary School Children: M-Protein Types, Pyrogenic Toxin Genes, and Investigation of the Clonal Relationships Between the Isolates

“…S.pyogenes, hayatı tehdit eden ciddi enfeksiyonlardan, asemptomatik taşıyıcılığa kadar değişen geniş bir klinik görünüme sahip, virülansı yüksek bir bakteridir 5,12,13 . Özellikle akut romatizmal ateş, romatizmal kalp hastalığı ve post-streptokokal glomerülonefrit gibi GAS'a bağlı ciddi hastalıklar tüm dünyada önemli bir sağlık sorunudur.…”

Streptococcus pyogenes and re-emergence of scarlet fever as a public health problem

“…The reason is unknown, but possibly due to the fact that the M12 is not classically a rheumatogenic strain, 76 though there had been previous associations between M12 and acute rheumatic fever. 55,83 Heightened awareness among clinicians with earlier use of appropriate antibiotics may have contributed to preventing the development of acute rheumatic fever. 84 …”

Group A Streptococcus Epidemiology and Vaccine Implications

“…Although the incidence of acute rheumatic fever in the industrialized world has decreased during the past 50 years, several outbreaks in civilian communities and military camps have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10], and acute rheumatic fever remains a major cause of morbidity in the developing world, with an estimated 471,000 cases annually [1]. Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever with early antibiotic treatment is beneficial in individual cases but not for controlling the disease in the developing world; secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever is not yet feasible in the developing world.…”