Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV

Hsieh, Evelyn; Yin, Michael T.

doi:10.1007/s11904-018-0401-4

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…A number of studies reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among HIV-infected individuals. More specifically, faster HIV progression and severity, lower CD4+ counts, increased risk of mortality, and increased vulnerability to Mycobacterium tuberculosis were reported [15]. Although the effect of normal to high levels of vitamin D on increasing CD4+ count is still unclear, a recent review proved that vitamin D plays an important role in reducing the immune activation of HIV-infected patients.…”

Section: Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Role Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population

Panfili

Roversi

D’Argenio

et al. 2020

J Endocrinol Invest

122

116

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Purpose Covid-19 is a pandemic of unprecedented proportion, whose understanding and management is still under way. In the emergency setting new or available therapies to contrast the spread of COVID-19 are urgently needed. Elderly males, especially those affected by previous diseases or with comorbidities, are more prone to develop interstitial pneumonia that can deteriorate evolving to ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) that require hospitalization in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Even children and young patients are not spared by SARS-CoV 2 infection, yet they seem to develop a milder form of disease. In this setting the immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D, should be further investigated. Methods: We reviewed the literature about the immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D collecting data from the databases Medline and Embase. Results Vitamin D proved to interact both with the innate immune system, by activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or increasing the levels of cathelicidins and β-defensins, and adaptive immune system, by reducing immunoglobulin secretion by plasma cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, thus modulating T cells function. Promising results have been extensively described as regards the supplementation of vitamin D in respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases and even pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions In this review, we suggest that vitamin D supplementation might play a role in the prevention and/or treatment to SARS-CoV-2 infection disease, by modulating the immune response to the virus both in the adult and pediatric population.

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Section: Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Role Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population

Panfili

Roversi

D’Argenio

et al. 2020

J Endocrinol Invest

122

116

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“…The relevance of vitamin D for skeletal muscle metabolism has been highlighted in recent years, and ageing is associated with vitamin D deficiency likely resulting from decreased sun exposure and ability to synthesize Vitamin D, and reduced expression of vitamin D receptor in muscle tissue [21]. Vitamin D deficiency seems indeed to be more prevalent in PLWH compared to the general population, possibly associated with immune activation, exposure to specific antiretroviral drugs and high prevalence of metabolic diseases [23]; low-function subjects had a greater frequency of vitamin D deficiency compared to high-function subjects [24]. Among factors associated with lifestyle, cigarette smoking is also more prevalent in PLWH than in the general population [25] and it may also increase the chance of developing sarcopenia [22].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Sarcopenia In People Living With Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Physical Activity for the Management of Sarcopenia in People Living with HIV

Bonato

Turrini

Galli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Sarcopenia is a physiopathological process associated with aging, caused by reduction of muscle strength, muscle quality and physical performance, and associated with an increased risk of falls, physical disability and premature death. There is no effective treatment for sarcopenia, but physical exercise seems to be highly effective at counteracting the decline in muscle mass and strength associated with aging. Recently, sarcopenia has been recognized as an emerging issue in people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite adequate treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), PLWH may exhibit an early occurrence of some aging-related conditions, including sarcopenia, frailty and falls, and this is likely resulting from high rates of comorbidities, high-risk behaviours, chronic immune activation and cART-specific factors. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms and the clinical relevance of sarcopenia in PLWH, and present data from longitudinal studies of physical activity in this population. Despite none of these studies having specifically addressed the benefits of physical exercise on sarcopenia, there is evidence that exercise is effective to increase aerobic capacity and muscle strength, and to improve body composition and inflammatory outcomes in PLWH. Therefore, the expected benefits of physical exercise are likely to translate into a successful and specific intervention for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in this population.

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“…Vitamin D has gained much interest recently with the revelation of its role far beyond bone metabolism. Many studies have reported associations between suboptimal vitamin D levels and various comorbidities, including [1] cancers of the prostate, colon, pancreas, ovary, stomach, and breast [2]; cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure [3]; diabetes mellitus [4]; infectious diseases, including HIV [5]; autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and multiple sclerosis [6]; stroke [7]; chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; and [8] mental health issues [7,9,[12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21]. When the comorbidities were bundled and represented collectively as CCI, the association appears to be negated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigations have reported a relationship between individual comorbidities and vitamin D deficiency [7,9,[12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21]. However, very little is known about the collective impact of comorbidities on vitamin D levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the comorbidity burden on vitamin D levels in geriatric hip fracture

Moo

Kam

Cher

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: Elderly patients with hip fractures often have multiple medical comorbidities, and vitamin D deficiency is common in this population. Accumulating evidence links low vitamin D levels to various comorbidities. However, very little is known about the collective impact of comorbidities on vitamin D levels. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a validated comorbidity burden index. We hypothesized that a high CCI score is associated with vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all hospitalized elderly patients aged > 60 years admitted for low-energy hip fracture in a single tertiary hospital from 2013 to 2015. Data regarding patient demographics, fracture type, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and age-adjusted CCI score were collected and analysed. Results: Of the 796 patients included in the study, 70.6% (n = 562) of the patients were women and the mean age was 77.7 ± 8.0 years. The mean vitamin D level was 20.4 ± 7.4 ng/mL, and 91.7% ofhospitalized elderly patients with hip fracture had inadequate vitamin D level. There was no correlation between the individual serum vitamin D level with respect to age-adjusted CCI (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.01; p = 0.87). After stratifying the CCI scores into low and high comorbidity burden groups (i.e., with scores 1-2 and ≥ 3), there was no relationship between the 2 subgroups for age-adjusted CCI and vitamin D levels (p = 0.497). Furthermore, there was also no association among age, gender, fracture type, and smoking status with the mean 25(OH)D level (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels were highly prevalent in our hip fracture cohort. There was no relationship between the CCI score and vitamin D levels in the geriatric hip population. The comorbidity burden in geriatric patients with hip fractures did not seem to be a significant factor for vitamin D levels.

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Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV

Cited by 24 publications

References 164 publications

Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population

Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population

The Role of Physical Activity for the Management of Sarcopenia in People Living with HIV

The effect of the comorbidity burden on vitamin D levels in geriatric hip fracture

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