Continuing metformin throughout pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome appears to safely reduce first-trimester spontaneous abortion: a pilot study

Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in the different phenotypes of the polycystic ovary syndrome

“…In contrast to normal weight subjects, overweight/ obese patients with PCOS had higher PAI-1 levels than BMI-matched controls, a finding that concurs with most previous studies [13][14][15][16]23]. However, plasma PAI-1 levels did not correlate with markers of IR in overweight/obese women with PCOS in our study and this is in contrast to previous reports [13,14,24,25].…”

“…Given the increased prevalence of IR in women with PCOS and the association between circulating PAI-1 levels and IR, several studies assessed plasma PAI-1 levels in PCOS [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Most, but not all, reported elevated plasma PAI-1 levels in women with PCOS [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…Most, but not all, reported elevated plasma PAI-1 levels in women with PCOS [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, existing studies are relatively small and none of them compared plasma PAI-1 levels between the different phenotypes of the syndrome level of the widest diameter around the buttocks.…”

“…Patients with the additional PCOS phenotypes introduced by the 2003 criteria had hyperandrogenemia and polycystic ovaries without oligo-or anovulation [phenotype 3 ("ovulatory" PCOS)] or had oligo-or anovulation and polycystic ovaries, without biochemical hyperandrogenemia or clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenemia [phenotype 4 ("mild" PCOS)]. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma PAI-1 levels in a large cohort of women with PCOS and to assess these levels in women with different levels of adiposity and different phenotypes of PCOS.…”

4G/5G Polymorphism of PAI-1 gene and Alu-repeat I/D polymorphism of TPA gene in Turkish patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…In other studies of women with PCOS, we have previously shown that the 4G4G PAI-1 mutation [19] was an independent determinant of serious pregnancy complications and that PAI-1 activity was an independent determinant of miscarriage [20][21][22][23] and recurrent pregnancy loss [24]. Elevated levels of PAI-1 have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and increased thrombogenic tendency [25][26][27].…”