Continuity and Change in Role Definitions and Training Models of School Psychologists in Israel

Enabling young elementary‐school children to ask questions on a school‐based internet forum operated by educational psychologists

“…Unlike many school psychology services and educational psychology services around the world that tend to focus on learning problems and school behaviors, educational psychologists in Israel are deployed in all the schools and kindergartens to serve the important community‐based role of providing various mental health services (Sterne & Porter, 2013). The designated tasks entrusted to educational psychologists working with children and adolescents in Israel also include providing professional services at times of national and individual emergencies and crises (Israel Ministry of Education, 2010; Kohavi et al, 2020). In emergencies, educational psychologists are among the first responders (Raviv et al, 2007), even in crises that do not directly involve students enrolled in schools (Kohavi et al, 2020).…”

“…The designated tasks entrusted to educational psychologists working with children and adolescents in Israel also include providing professional services at times of national and individual emergencies and crises (Israel Ministry of Education, 2010; Kohavi et al, 2020). In emergencies, educational psychologists are among the first responders (Raviv et al, 2007), even in crises that do not directly involve students enrolled in schools (Kohavi et al, 2020). Educational psychology interventions following crises are usually short‐term supportive interventions aimed at quickly and efficiently tackling the current problem and helping the child regain balance and restore calm (Ashkenazi et al, 2014; Levinson, 2018).…”

“…Israeli educational psychologists are expected to promote prevention by working on both the individual and the system levels (Israel Ministry of Education, 2010). Because of their nationwide deployment in all schools and kindergartens, educational psychologists have access to the entire student population in the formal education system, enabling them to implement primary and secondary prevention practices geared toward the general population (Kohavi et al, 2020). Notwithstanding the importance of preventative acts (e.g., emergency preparedness exercises), due to current professional work conditions (Alkalay & Dolev, 2019; Kohavi et al, 2020) much of the work of educational psychologists in Israel is reactive in nature (Greenwald‐Kashni & Matichas, 2009).…”

“…Because of their nationwide deployment in all schools and kindergartens, educational psychologists have access to the entire student population in the formal education system, enabling them to implement primary and secondary prevention practices geared toward the general population (Kohavi et al, 2020). Notwithstanding the importance of preventative acts (e.g., emergency preparedness exercises), due to current professional work conditions (Alkalay & Dolev, 2019; Kohavi et al, 2020) much of the work of educational psychologists in Israel is reactive in nature (Greenwald‐Kashni & Matichas, 2009). Given the extensive role played by educational psychologists in responding to crises and their current position in the Israeli school system, we attempted to implement a more proactive approach on a small scale.…”

Vocational Training has an Influence on Employee Career Development: A Case Study Indonesia

“…Job training has many benefits for the company and employees to develop the careers of employees. For the company, job training will ensure the ability and quality of employees in competing and doing their work effectively and efficiently for now and in the future (Al-Dalahmeh et al, 2020;Asmara & Wu, 2020;Ibrahim et al, 2020;Jabutay & Rungruang, 2020;Kohavi et al, 2020;Lefebvre et al, 2020;Milica & Milica, 2020).…”